The Challenge of Bioenergies: An Overview

Carels, Nicolas

doi:10.5772/16403

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 219 publications

(278 reference statements)

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“…However, the mean values of ester content (triglycerides), kinematic viscosity, calorific values, density, cetane number (CN) and iodine value of J. curcas L. oil were not significantly different (p > 0.05). The ester content of the extracted oil was in a range of 92.8% to 95.1% for the two districts, close to the values (96% to 98%) reported by other authors [13] [33]. Yet the acidity of the oils was found significantly higher (36.42 ± 0.24 mg KOH/g for Mukono and 35.43 ± 0.15 mg KOH/g for Nebbi) and deviated from biodiesel standard value (2 mg KOH/g [34]) for diesel engine.…”

Section: Physical Characteristics Of J Curcas L Oilsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…FFAs or triglycerides are usually transformed into alkyl-esters (biodiesel) by reaction with short-chain alcohols (e.g. methanol or ethanol) in the presence of a catalyst (Equation (1) and (2))-a process known as esterification and transesterification, respectively [13]. However, high amounts of FFA (mostly above 3%) would lead to formation of soap and emulsions, owing to excessive alkaline catalyst consumption, hence significantly reducing the biodiesel yield [32] [37].…”

Section: Physical Characteristics Of J Curcas L Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This indicates less harmful exhaust emissions of sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) gas when used as a fuel in an engine. These qualities make J. curcas L. oil a potential alternative to fossil diesel fuel, even in its raw form [12], and can be used in any diesel engine without modification [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physicochemical Characterization of <i>Jatropha curcas</i> Linn Oil for Biodiesel Production in Nebbi and Mokono Districts in Uganda

Turinayo¹,

Kalanzi²,

Mudoma³

et al. 2015

JSBS

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Jatropha curcas Linn has been identified worldwide as one of the sources of biodiesel. Biodiesel has energy properties close to fossil diesel and can be a potential energy alternative. However, these properties may vary based on soils, plant genetics and agro-climatic conditions in a given geographical location. Several studies on biodiesel production under such conditions have been done elsewhere, but few have been done on J. curcas oil in Uganda. This study analysed the physicochemical properties of J. curcas L. oil for biodiesel production in Nebbi and Mukono districts using American Standards and Testing Methods (ASTM D6751) and European Standards (EN 14214). J. curcas seed kernel contained 51% w/w and 48% w/w of oil with high levels of Free Fatty Acids (1.52% and 1.93%) and acid values (35 and 36 mg KOH/g) for Nebbi and Mukono, respectively; the difference was significant (p ≤ 0.05). Generally, the quality and quantity of the oil from Nebbi were better than those of Mukono, based on the biodiesel standard values. Nevertheless, kinematic viscosity, acidity, potassium and phosphorus content values were found abnormally high (31.46 -33.23 mm 2 /s, 35.23 -36.66 mg KOH/g, 16.50 -20.52 mg/100g and 16.13 -26.02 mg/kg, respectively) for both regions as compared to the standard values (3.5 -5.0 mm 2 /s, 2 mg KOH/g, <5 mg/100g and <10 mg/kg, respectively) of biodiesel for diesel engine. Such properties are very important for engine fuels and if not considered well, may affect engine performance negatively. Therefore adequate treatment of the oil by degumming, etherification and transesterification before use in a diesel engine could avert this difficulty.

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Section: Physical Characteristics Of J Curcas L Oilsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Physical Characteristics Of J Curcas L Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physicochemical Characterization of <i>Jatropha curcas</i> Linn Oil for Biodiesel Production in Nebbi and Mokono Districts in Uganda

Turinayo¹,

Kalanzi²,

Mudoma³

et al. 2015

JSBS

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“…Bio-ethanol has been established as the prominent alternative to gasoline, being mass produced via alcohol fermentation, cementing its matured status (relative to other alternatives) within the bioenergy market [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laminar burning characteristics of ethyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl acetate, gasoline and ethanol fuels

Badawy

Williamson

2016

Fuel

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“…However, the demand for biofuels as a replacement energy source has led to serious concerns about the sustainability of the global production of food from crop plants in the long term. Consequently, the diversi fi cation of oil sources, areas for production and conditions of cultivation are becoming increasingly important to the biofuel industry (Carels 2011 ) . In this respect, selective breeding through the use of genome-assisted breeding and transgenic technologies will be needed to increase the number of alternative oleaginous species available for biofuel production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards the Domestication of Jatropha: The Integration of Sciences

Carels

2012

Jatropha, Challenges for a New Energy Crop

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N. Carels approximately 170 known species. Recent phylogenetic studies in the genus Jatropha based on random ampli fi ed polymorphic DNA (RAPD), ampli fi ed fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP, Vos et al. 1995 ) and nuclear ribosomal-DNA internal transcribed spacer (nrDNA ITS) markers (Sudheer et al. 2009a ) showed that J. curcas is genetically more similar to J. integerrima Jacq. than to any other species of genus Jatropha .J. curcas is a stem-succulent deciduous tree of ~5 m in height that produces seeds rich in oil (27-40%). Crude oil of J. curcas meets the fuel quality standards of rapeseed and can be easily converted into biodiesel that meets US and European standards by transesteri fi cation.J. curcas is currently considered as undomesticated; its physiology and agronomy remain to be clari fi ed, and thus seed yield is poorly predictable (Ginwal et al. 2004 ) . However, in the interval of just 3 years from 2007 to 2010, great efforts have been made by the scienti fi c community, particularly in India, to gather data on the genetic diversity and interspeci fi c hybridization of this species, as well as from analyses using the complete range of available biotechnologies, including in vitro propagation, tissue culture, genetic transformation, transcriptome description and genome sequencing. Forward and reverse genomics approaches are now beginning to be employed in J. curcas research.The twenty-fi rst century is witnessing an unprecedented level of scienti fi c integration, which in the case of biology, has led to the concept of systems biology . This concept can be de fi ned as the study of the interactions between the components of biological systems and how these interactions give rise to the functioning and behavior of that system. In the case of genetics, the system also includes the environment of the biological entity under consideration because it conditions the spectrum of stimuli that are used to score the genome performance. As a consequence, systems biology implies high-throughput technologies of data collection, information technology for data management and mathematical modeling.Genetic correlations can initially be investigated by examining domesticated crops as an entity that represents a particular mode of the expression of a plant species. Related to this notion, there is a common suite of traits known as the "domestication syndrome" (Doebley et al. 2006 ;Tang et al. 2010 ) , which represents the kind of complexity that is appropriate to the new perspective that plant breeding must be addressed with the support of systems biology.Here, I propose to discuss the current knowledge and emerging technologies available from model crops with the underlying prospect of their application to the selective breeding of J. curcas . Mating SystemJ. curcas is monoecious, with separate male and female fl owers, and is a predominantly outbreeding species, as shown by its high abortion rate, low seed-ovule ratio, low fecundity rate, high pollinator attractiveness, delayed stigma receptive

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The Challenge of Bioenergies: An Overview

Cited by 9 publications

References 219 publications

Physicochemical Characterization of <i>Jatropha curcas</i> Linn Oil for Biodiesel Production in Nebbi and Mokono Districts in Uganda

Physicochemical Characterization of <i>Jatropha curcas</i> Linn Oil for Biodiesel Production in Nebbi and Mokono Districts in Uganda

Laminar burning characteristics of ethyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl acetate, gasoline and ethanol fuels

Towards the Domestication of Jatropha: The Integration of Sciences

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The Challenge of Bioenergies: An Overview

Cited by 9 publications

References 219 publications

Physicochemical Characterization of &lt;i&gt;Jatropha curcas&lt;/i&gt; Linn Oil for Biodiesel Production in Nebbi and Mokono Districts in Uganda

Physicochemical Characterization of &lt;i&gt;Jatropha curcas&lt;/i&gt; Linn Oil for Biodiesel Production in Nebbi and Mokono Districts in Uganda

Laminar burning characteristics of ethyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl acetate, gasoline and ethanol fuels

Towards the Domestication of Jatropha: The Integration of Sciences

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Product

Resources

About

Physicochemical Characterization of <i>Jatropha curcas</i> Linn Oil for Biodiesel Production in Nebbi and Mokono Districts in Uganda

Physicochemical Characterization of <i>Jatropha curcas</i> Linn Oil for Biodiesel Production in Nebbi and Mokono Districts in Uganda