The CERN FCC Conductor Development Program: A Worldwide Effort for the Future Generation of High-Field Magnets

Ballarino, A.; Hopkins, Simon C.; Bordini, B.; Richter, David H.; Tommasini, D.; Bottura, L.; Benedikt, Michael; Sugano, M.; Ogitsu, T.; Kawashima, Satoshi; Saito, Kazuyoshi; Fukumoto, Yoshiya; Sakamoto, H.; Shimizu, H.; Pantsyrny, V.; Abdyukhanov, I. M.; Shlyakov, Michael; Zernov, S. M.; Buta, F.; Senatore, Carmine; Shin, Iksang; Kim, Jimam; Lachmann, Jonas; Leineweber, Andreas; Pfeiffer, Stephan; Baumgartner, T.; Eisterer, M.; Bernardi, Johannes; Malagoli, Andrea; Braccini, V.; Vignolo, M.; Putti, M.

doi:10.1109/tasc.2019.2896469

Cited by 39 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The production of the A15 conductors is mainly driven by the large projects on particle accelerators and fusion reactors, demanding high magnetic fields [66]. Therefore, many new developments are reported in this field still today, and the achieved progress concerning the critical current density is remarkable [85][86][87]. These materials are technologically very interesting, not only because of superconductivity, but also because of their metallurgic properties including the appearance of a martensitic phase transition [88].…”

Section: A15 Superconductorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation between Crystal Structure and Transition Temperature of Superconducting Metals and Alloys

Koblischka

Roth

Koblischka-Veneva

et al. 2020

Metals

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Using the Roeser–Huber equation, which was originally developed for high temperature superconductors (HTSc) (H. Roeser et al., Acta Astronautica 62 (2008) 733), we present a calculation of the superconducting transition temperatures, T c , of some elements with fcc unit cells (Pb, Al), some elements with bcc unit cells (Nb, V), Sn with a tetragonal unit cell and several simple metallic alloys (NbN, NbTi, the A15 compounds and MgB 2 ). All calculations used only the crystallographic information and available data of the electronic configuration of the constituents. The model itself is based on viewing superconductivity as a resonance effect, and the superconducting charge carriers moving through the crystal interact with a typical crystal distance, x. It is found that all calculated T c -data fall within a narrow error margin on a straight line when plotting ( 2 x ) 2 vs. 1 / T c like in the case for HTSc. Furthermore, we discuss the problems when obtaining data for T c from the literature or from experiments, which are needed for comparison with the calculated data. The T c -data presented here agree reasonably well with the literature data.

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Section: A15 Superconductorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation between Crystal Structure and Transition Temperature of Superconducting Metals and Alloys

Koblischka

Roth

Koblischka-Veneva

et al. 2020

Metals

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“…The performance of wires characterized by sub-elements with the same standard structure as T4, and produced by the same manufacturer, proved to have comparable Jc to the HL-LHC specification [13].…”

Section: Preliminary Jc Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Nb₃Sn Wires for the Future Circular Collider at CERN: Microstructural Investigation of Different Wire Layouts

Moros

Ortino

Löffler

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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In the challenging project concerning the realization of the CERN Future Circular Collider (FCC), Nb3Sn represents the best candidate material for the construction of high-field superconducting dipole magnets, since it is able to satisfy the requirements of Jc (non-Cu) = 1.5 kA/mm 2 at 16 T and 4.2 K. In that context, a cluster layout of prototype internal tin Nb3Sn wires, developed by TVEL and the Bochvar Institute (Russia), was analyzed and compared to a standard layout produced by the same manufacturer. The main reason for dividing the subelement into clusters is reducing the effective sub-element size (deff). The microstructural characterization of such a wire layout can provide fundamental contributions to steer the manufacturing processes towards higher performing wires. In particular, since the homogeneity in Sn concentration influences the superconducting properties, the effect of cluster and standard layouts on the Sn concentration gradient over the wire cross-section was evaluated. For this purpose, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy was employed with both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Finally, scanning Hall probe microscopy (SHPM) measurements were performed to understand how these cluster wire sub-elements, with their specific geometry, influence the local currents flowing through the wire cross-section on a microscopic scale. The comprehension of the correlation between the microstructural characteristics and superconducting performance is crucial for obtaining wires meeting the requirements of FCC dipole magnets.

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“…Distributed tin wire layouts of the type developed by JA-STEC and KAT for the FCC conductor development program are represented by a 0.8 mm wire from JASTEC [7], [9]. The distributed barrier wire developed by TVEL is represented by a 1.0 mm sample from a recent R&D billet, similar to the type previously reported [9] but with small deff.…”

Section: B Phase Transformations In Internal Tin Wiresmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In the context of its FCC conductor development program, CERN is undertaking collaborative projects with wire manufacturers to develop Nb3Sn wires towards FCC performance requirements [7]. This has resulted in new variants of distrib- This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Evolution During Heat Treatment of Nb₃Sn Wires Under Development for the FCC Study

Hopkins

Baškys

Ballarino

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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In recent years, the phase formation sequence during heat treatment of Nb3Sn wires, and the influence of the microstructure and compositional homogeneity of Nb3Sn on in-field critical current (I c), have received increasing attention. For RRP ® wires, the importance of understanding and managing the formation of the ternary phase nausite has been demonstrated. However, a published Cu-Nb-Sn phase diagram including this phase is still not available; and conductor development for the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study has introduced a variety of less-studied internal tin wire layouts. In this article, a study of phase transformations in the ternary Cu-Nb-Sn system is summarized, and selected isothermal sections of the re-evaluated phase diagram are presented. The phase transformations during low-temperature heat treatment steps of wires developed for the FCC study are also presented and analyzed in comparison to established RRP ® conductors.

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The CERN FCC Conductor Development Program: A Worldwide Effort for the Future Generation of High-Field Magnets

Cited by 39 publications

References 26 publications

Relation between Crystal Structure and Transition Temperature of Superconducting Metals and Alloys

Relation between Crystal Structure and Transition Temperature of Superconducting Metals and Alloys

Nb₃Sn Wires for the Future Circular Collider at CERN: Microstructural Investigation of Different Wire Layouts

Phase Evolution During Heat Treatment of Nb₃Sn Wires Under Development for the FCC Study

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The CERN FCC Conductor Development Program: A Worldwide Effort for the Future Generation of High-Field Magnets

Cited by 39 publications

References 26 publications

Relation between Crystal Structure and Transition Temperature of Superconducting Metals and Alloys

Relation between Crystal Structure and Transition Temperature of Superconducting Metals and Alloys

Nb3Sn Wires for the Future Circular Collider at CERN: Microstructural Investigation of Different Wire Layouts

Phase Evolution During Heat Treatment of Nb3Sn Wires Under Development for the FCC Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Nb₃Sn Wires for the Future Circular Collider at CERN: Microstructural Investigation of Different Wire Layouts

Phase Evolution During Heat Treatment of Nb₃Sn Wires Under Development for the FCC Study