The Cerebral Hemispheres and the Highest Integrative Functions of Man

Chapman, Loring F.; Wolff, Harold G.

doi:10.1001/archneur.1959.03840040001001

Cited by 117 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Thus, while small lesions may give rise to focal cog nitive im pairm ent (as well as effects on sensation, mobili ty and vision, for example), with larger lesions this tends to be overshadowed by the effect of the mass of lost neu ronal substance, a finding in concert with other CT stud ies [4,5,10]. This interpretation is supported by the report of Chapm an and W olf [34] that the extent of im pairm ent of m an's highest integrative functions (i.e. general intellectual impairment) in young neurosurgical patients correlates to the mass of lost neuronal substance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Intellectual Impairment in the First Year following Stroke, Compared to an Age-Matched Population Sample

et al. 1996

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General intellectual impairment during the first year following stroke in 188 unselected, previously not demented patients aged 60–80 years was assessed with a comprehensive screening test, the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale, and compared to an age-matched population sample. Significant impairment occurred in 32, 26 and 26% of the stroke patients at 1, 6 and 12 months, which correlated to subjective complaints and a dependent life after discharge. Most patients scored stable or improved (84%), while 16% deteriorated significantly. Intellectual impairment correlated to CT lesion size and central atrophy, age and pre-stroke lower functional and social activity, as well as to stroke-induced handicap including aphasia, neglect, and increased mood symptoms. Thus, stroke-induced brain damage influences general intellectual function but may not be the sole reason for intellectual impairment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Intellectual Impairment in the First Year following Stroke, Compared to an Age-Matched Population Sample

et al. 1996

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“…In clinical practice, however, the examining clinician is often confronted with variability of performance on the WISC-III (Wechsler, 1991), or WISC-IV (Wechsler, 2003a), and is asked to draw clinical inferences about whether a child demonstrates processing speed disturbances relative to other abilities (see Chapman & Wolff, 1959;Reitan, 1986). This is a challenging task when examining less severely injured TBI children whose processing speed scores may be in the average range, but estimates of their other problem-solving abilities are above average.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Case Analysis of Processing Speed Difficulties in Children With and Without Traumatic Brain Injury

Prigatano

Gale

2008

The Clinical Neuropsychologist

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Two studies were conducted to determine the frequency of processing speed difficulties relative to estimates of other problem-solving abilities in children with and without traumatic brain injury (TBI). The two samples consisted of 213 normally functioning school-age children and 65 TBI children and 19 trauma controls. All children were administered the WISC-III/IV Vocabulary, Block Design, and Coding subtests. The frequency of children in each sample having a Coding subtest score of 3 or 4 scale points below the Vocabulary or Block Design score (whichever one was lower) was calculated. Using a 3-point scale difference, the presence of processing speed deficits relative to other cognitive abilities in the school sample was low (5.2%), and was equivalent to that demonstrated by trauma controls (5.3%). However, in the TBI sample, 18 out of 65 TBI patients (27.7%) showed this same pattern. Using a 4-point discrepancy scale, 3.3% of normal children and 16.9% of TBI children showed this pattern. The frequency of this pattern increased with severity of TBI, using two different but related classification systems. These preliminary findings require cross validation in a larger sample before definite conclusions can be reached.

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“…Neuropsychologically, they can have executive function deficits, slowing of the information processing speed, and set-shifting task deficits. Even cases with multiple lacunes in noncognitively critical areas can present with frontal lobe cognitive deficits [17], and recent studies suggested that the cognitive deficits associated with multiple subcortical infarcts are caused by a disruption of the cholinergic pathways from the nucleus basalis to the neocortex [18], which may explain the much broader cortical and subcortical cognitive impairment seen in some VaD patients.…”

Section: Cortical and Subcortical Vascular Dementiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis, risk factors, and treatment of vascular dementia

López

Kuller²,

Becker³

2004

Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep

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Although the introduction of modern neuroimaging techniques and standardized clinical evaluations has improved the identification of cerebrovascular disease, the clinical diagnosis of vascular dementia (VaD) is still problematic. Neuropathologic studies have found the current clinical criteria for VaD had low sensitivity with high specificity, suggesting that cerebrovascular disease of sufficient severity to cause cognitive deficits is frequently associated with other disease processes (eg, Alzheimer's disease). The critical factors about the diagnosis of VaD are centered on two issues: definition of dementia and determination of vascular disease. The current clinical criteria for VaD have different definitions of dementia, which are mainly based on an Alzheimer's disease-like presentation, and severe vascular disease can present with or without history of clinical strokes. Therefore, there is a need for a better definition of VaD. This is extremely important to better understand its risk factors, as well as to create homogenous cohorts suitable for drug trials.

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The Cerebral Hemispheres and the Highest Integrative Functions of Man

Cited by 117 publications

References 73 publications

Intellectual Impairment in the First Year following Stroke, Compared to an Age-Matched Population Sample

Intellectual Impairment in the First Year following Stroke, Compared to an Age-Matched Population Sample

Individual Case Analysis of Processing Speed Difficulties in Children With and Without Traumatic Brain Injury

Diagnosis, risk factors, and treatment of vascular dementia

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