The cerebellum of the cat and the monkey

Larsell, O.

doi:10.1002/cne.900990110

Cited by 269 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…We detected only one activated zone in each cerebellar hemisphere during the finger-movement task; yet four discrete foci of activation could be anticipated from the studies described above (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27). The intense, ipsilateral hemispheric increase in regional blood flow occurring during finger movement and (to a lesser extent) during finger stimulation is best attributed to activity within the large cortical receiving area in the anterior lobe (lobules IV and V).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…The forelimb area of the larger first cortical zone lay in the intermediate hemispheric portion of Larsell lobules IV and V of the anterior lobe. The forelimb area of the second lay in the paramedian lobule, the lateral extension of the pyramis, Larsell lobule VIII (19). These same areas receive input from the arm area of cerebral motor cortex (20) and produced arm movements when electrically stimulated (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Functional mapping of the human cerebellum with positron emission tomography.

Fox

Raichle

Thach

1985

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

134

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Alterations of local neuronal activity induced within the human cerebellum by tactile stimulation and voluntary movement were mapped with positron emission tomographic measurements of brain blood flow. Finger movements produced bilateral, parasagittal blood-flow increases in anterior, superior hemispheric cortex of the cerebellum. Responses to tactile finger stimulation were coextensive with responses to voluntary finger movements but were less intense. Saccadic eye movements produced midline blood-flow increases in the posterior vermis of the cerebellum. Positron emission tomography now permits investigation of functional-anatomical relations within the human cerebellum.Experimental investigation of the functional topography of the human brain began in 1874, when focal sensory responses to electrical stimulation of the exposed cortex of an awake subject were described (1). Since that time, numerous techniques have been developed for functional mapping of the human brain in vivo, including recording and stimulation of exposed cortical surfaces during neurosurgical intervention (particularly for focal epilepsy) (2), scalp-recorded evoked potentials (3), evoked magnetic-field recordings (4), transcalvarial electrical stimulation (5), and radiotracer measurements of blood flow and metabolism during the performance of activation paradigms (6). These methods, however, have been applicable only to the cerebral hemispheres, the largest and most accessible brain structures. The cerebellum, lying beneath the cerebrum in the posterior fossa of the skull, has remained inaccessible to activation recordings with techniques suitable for use in humans, primarily because of the anatomical characteristics of the cerebellum and its compartment. As the cerebellum is believed to be largely involved in the planning and execution of voluntary movements, recordings in awake, behaving subjects are of particular interest.Regional increases in neuronal activity during task performance and sensory stimulation induce like changes in regional blood flow and metabolism (7). Regional measurements of blood flow and metabolism can be obtained in vivo within the human brain by use of positron emission tomography (PET) (6). PET METHODSPET Techniques. The PETT VI system was employed for all emission and transmission tomographic measurements (11). Each emission scan was a seven-slice, quantitative measurement of regional tissue radioactivity. Each transmission scan was a reconstructed image of the regional attenuation of 511-keV photons from a 'Ge/'Ga ring source.Slices were 14.4 mm apart from center to center. In the low-resolution mode, this system has an in-plane reconstructed resolution of 12.4 mm full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) and a between-plane resolution of 13.9 mm FWHM in the center of the field of view. All scans were made in the low-resolution mode.Fifteen paid normal volunteers were studied. Permission for this study was obtained from the subjects in accordance with guidelines approved for this study by the Human Studies C...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional mapping of the human cerebellum with positron emission tomography.

Fox

Raichle

Thach

1985

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

134

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“…The posterior superior fissure separates vermian lobules VI and VII and the simplex and ansiform lobules. In Galago the posterior superior fissure is joined by an anterior ramus of the intercrural sulcus and contin ues directly onto the vermis, similar to that seen in Macaca [Larsell, 1953a], The posterior superior fissure in Tupaia is discontinuous before passing onto the vermis and it does not directly receive a communication with the intercrural sulcus. This is suggestive of the more primitive pat terns seen in the rat [Larsell, 1952].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

The Cerebellum of Galago and Tupaia I. Corpus cerebelli and Flocculonodular Lobe; pp. 395–414

Haines¹

1969

Brain Behav Evol

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“…Résultats I. Etude descriptive L'identification et la dénom ination des différents élém ents anato miques s'appuient sur le travail de Larsell [1953] Le lobule V, beaucoup plus développé que le IV com prend 2 la melles: le sublobule a, présentant 3 ou 4 feuillets en surface; le sub lobule b + c, caractérisé par 2, 3 ou 4 feuillets du fait de son enfouisse m ent plus ou moins accentué à l'intérieur de la fissure prim a. La fissure intraculm inata 2 est extrêm em ent variable: sa profondeur est très différente selon les anim aux ; ses parois peuvent être lisses ( fig.…”

Section: Matériel Et Méthodeunclassified