The Ceramic Chronology of Ek Balam, Yucatan, Mexico

Bey, George J.; Bond, Tara M.; Ringle, William M.; Hanson, Craig A.; Houck, Charles W.; Lope, Carlos Peraza

doi:10.1017/s0956536100001887

Cited by 36 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…The chronology of late sites in Yucatan is recently under reconsideration (Andrews et al 2003;Bey et al 1998;Milbrath and Peraza 2003;Ringle et al 1998;Robles and Andrews 1986), and this article provides important evidence regarding the late end of the sequence. Of particular interest to Mesoamerican scholars is the temporal framework for the end of Chichen Itza's regional dominance and the relationship between the fall of this site and the rise of Mayapan to a primate position in northwest Yucatan.…”

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confidence: 86%

THE CHRONOLOGY OF MAYAPAN : New Radiocarbon Evidence

et al. 2006

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Thirty-eight radiocarbon dates from Mayapan provide new information about the Postclassic chronology of this city. We analyze ceramic frequencies associated with our radiocarbon samples and discuss temporally diagnostic types in the Mayapan sequence. Radiocarbon samples from early construction contexts suggest that the Postclassic center was founded by at least the twelfth century, or possibly the eleventh centurya.d.on a modest scale. Additional dates help to assign much of the city's later architecture to the thirteenth and fourteenth centuriesa.d., and provide hints of violence, conflict, and abandonment events prior to the final collapse. Our results imply that Mayapan may have begun as a small center while Chichen Itza waned from its dominant political position on the peninsula, and that the establishment of Mayapan as a major regional capital may have been a process that took a century or longer to complete.

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THE CHRONOLOGY OF MAYAPAN : New Radiocarbon Evidence

et al. 2006

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“…Sin embargo, la presencia de alfarerías regionales características del centro-oriente de la península de Yucatán, como la cerámica Batres, Tituc, Timucuy y los grupos con pasta escamosa Xanaba y Shangurro sugieren que la población prehispá-nica de Xuenkal participó activamente en el consumo de cerámicas regionales que estaban siendo producidas y distribuidas a través de las redes de intercambio que unían a Xuenkal con distintos puntos del centro, norte y oriente de la península de Yucatán. La cerámica Huachinango hallada en Xuenkal ha sido considerada como un marcador diagnóstico del Clásico Temprano en Ek' Balam (Bey et al, 1998). La alfarería del Horizonte Cochuah de Xuenkal constituye el 1.02% (150 fragmentos) de la muestra que hasta ahora ha sido analizada (Ver tabla 1).…”

Section: Cultura Materialsunclassified

“…La alfarería del Horizonte Cochuah de Xuenkal constituye el 1.02% (150 fragmentos) de la muestra que hasta ahora ha sido analizada (Ver tabla 1). Materiales del Horizonte Cochuah similares a los de Xuenkal han sido reportados en Yaxuna, Ek' Balam, Cobá, Gruta de Balancanché, el Salvamento del Aereopuerto de Kaua y en el tramo carretero Buctzotz-Sucila (Brainerd 1958;Bey et al, 1998;Jiménez 2006;Jiménez y Ancona 2006;Robles 1990;Suhler et al, 1998). La mayoría de los materiales pertenecientes al Clásico Temprano de Xuenkal aparecen mezclados con cerámicas de otros periodos ya sea Nabanché, o bien Motul-Cehpech.…”

Section: Cultura Materialsunclassified

Transformación en el tiempo: definiendo el sitio de Xuenkal, Yucatán, durante el periodo Clásico Terminal

Manahan¹,

Ardren

2011

ECMAYA

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RESUMEN:El antiguo centro maya de Xuenkal, ubicado en la región Cupul, aproximadamente a 45 km hacia el noreste de Chichén Itzá fue uno de los sitios tierra adentro que contaban con una ocupación Sotuta sustancial. La investigación del Proyecto Arqueológico Xuenkal (PAX) se enfoca en el estudio de la cultura material Sotuta y su relación con la ocupación Cehpech del Clásico Tardío-Terminal con el propósito de entender la naturaleza de tal transición. Utilizando una metodología de excavación de pozos de sondeo en contextos domésticos sugerimos que la ocupación pre-Sotuta fue mucho más robusta de lo que originalmente pensábamos. Los resultados del estudio del patrón de asentamiento demuestran que existía un asentamiento Cehpech extensivo que se extendía hacia la periferia, y las excavaciones de las unidades domésticas revelan que durante el Clásico Tardío Xuenkal era un asentamiento mucho más próspero de lo que imaginábamos y que sus pobladores probablemente tenían un contacto estrecho y recíproco con sus vecinos de Ek' Balam, Kulubá y Cobá. En contraste, el asentamiento Sotuta se limita a grupos residenciales localizados dentro del núcleo del sitio. Estos datos en conjunto sugieren que el control que ejerció Sotuta sobre Xuenkal está probablemente ligado al resultado de un conflicto político regional, más que una transformación autóctona. PALABRAS CLAVE:Xuenkal, arqueología, Clásico Terminal, Chichén Itzá. ABSTRACT:The ancient Maya center of Xuenkal, located in the Cupul region about 45 km northeast of Chichén Itzá, is one of the few known interior sites that witnessed a substantial Sotuta occupation. Proyecto Arqueológico Xuenkal (PAX) research is investigating the Sotuta material and its relationship to preceding Late-Terminal Classic Cehpech settlement in order to understand the nature of this transition. Drawing upon extensive test excavations and broad excavations of household groups, we suggest that the pre-Sotuta Xuenkal occupation was much more robust than previously hypothesized. Settlement data show extensive Cehpech settlement extending into the hinterlands, while household excavations reveal that Late Classic Xuenkal was both very prosperous and closely tied to neighbouring Ek' Balam and Kulubá, and more distant Cobá. In contrast, the Sotuta settlement is limited to clusters within the site core. Together these data suggest that the Sotuta control of Xuenkal may have been the result of regional political conflict rather than an autochthonous transformation. KEYWORDS: IntroducciónXuenkal es una ciudad maya antigua localizada a 45 km al norte de Chichén Itzá, dentro de las llanuras fértiles que son parte del centro urbano de Chichén Itzá y su puerto de intercambio al norte, la Isla Cerritos. Durante los últimos cuatro años, el proyecto arqueológico Xuenkal se ha orientado a definir la naturaleza de la transición del Clásico Tardío al Clásico Terminal en la región norte del señorío de Chichén. Tradicionalmente, los modelos del apogeo de Chichén Itzá retratan las transformaciones políticas y sociales más...

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“…In much of the rest of the interior, Peto Cream is infrequent, as are earlier Sotuta sherds. Peto Cream sherds are virtually absent in collections from Coba (Robles Castellanos 1990) and Ek Balam (Bey et al 1998). In addition to being found at Chichen, Peto Cream has been identified at Mayapan, settled by a Cocom faction from Chichen, and along the northeast and east coasts, particularly Cozumel, where Cupul families also ruled and were said to be intimately linked to Chichen Itza.…”

Section: The Chronology Of the Epiclassicmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Return of Quetzalcoatl

1998

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Continuing analysis of the site of Chichen Itza suggests that its construction dates primarily to the Late Classic period, ca. a.d. 700–1000, rather than the Early Postclassic. This paper examines the implications of this redating for the well-known “Toltec” problem. Since Chichen largely antedated Tollan-phase Tula, we conclude that what is usually identified as Toltec imagery in fact dates to an earlier Epiclassic horizon extending from Morelos and Puebla to the Gulf Coast and Yucatan. Chichen Itza, we suggest, was the eastern node in a network of shrine centers dedicated primarily to Quetzalcoatl/Kukulcan. This network transcended political boundaries and included such sites as Cholula, Cacaxtla, El TajIn, Xochicalco, and ultimately Tula. The Quetzalcoatl cult is manifested by a specific complex of traits and seems to have expanded militarily with messianic vigor. Pilgrimage was also an important activity at these centers. This cult axis apparently continued into the Postclassic period, and was responsible for the distribution of the Mixteca-Puebla art style. In Yucatan, Mayapan would seem to have assumed Chichen's position as the major Yucatecan node, although accompanied by several new shrines along the Caribbean coast.

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The Ceramic Chronology of Ek Balam, Yucatan, Mexico

Abstract: Since 1984, the Ek

Cited by 36 publications

References 6 publications

THE CHRONOLOGY OF MAYAPAN : New Radiocarbon Evidence

THE CHRONOLOGY OF MAYAPAN : New Radiocarbon Evidence

Transformación en el tiempo: definiendo el sitio de Xuenkal, Yucatán, durante el periodo Clásico Terminal

The Return of Quetzalcoatl

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