The Central Italy Seismic Sequence between August and December 2016: Analysis of Strong‐Motion Observations

Luzi, Lucia; Pacor, Francesca; Puglia, Rodolfo; Lanzano, Giovanni; Felicetta, Chiara; D’Amico, Maria; Michelini, Alberto; Faenza, Licia; Lauciani, Valentino; Iervolino, Iunio; Baltzopoulos, Georgios; Chioccarelli, Eugenio

doi:10.1785/0220170037

Cited by 66 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…, as well as any other statistical quantity, can just be computed from f Sa T ð ÞjSa T ð Þ> sa Tr , in lieu of Equation (5). In this case, it is evident that the expected POT does not explicitly depend on the GMPE and hazard disaggregation, as it just requires the hazard curve.…”

Section: Peak-over-threshold Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this case, it is evident that the expected POT does not explicitly depend on the GMPE and hazard disaggregation, as it just requires the hazard curve. In other words, deriving the expected POT from the POT distribution results in a procedure simpler than Equation (5). Moreover, this procedure also allows to easily retrieve the spectrum of the peak-over-the-thresholds (as it will be clear in Section 5) given the exceedance of sa corresponding to any return period.…”

Section: Peak-over-threshold Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exceedances of code spectra based on UHS are systematically observed over large areas, for example, in all the damaging earthquakes occurring in the last 10 years in Italy . Dedicated studies clarified that exceedance of design spectra is expected to be rare only from the perspective at one individual site (eg, once every 475 years at that site), while it is as more frequent as larger the number of considered sites is.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exceedances of code spectra based on UHS are systematically observed over large areas, for example, in all the damaging earthquakes occurring in the last 10 years in Italy. 5 Dedicated studies clarified that exceedance of design spectra is expected to be rare only from the perspective at one individual site (eg, once every 475 years at that site), while it is as more frequent as larger the number of considered sites is. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that exceedance of design spectra is likely-to-almost-certain in the epicentral area of earthquakes of moderate-to-high magnitude, especially when the hazard assessment is based on seismic source zones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peak‐over‐threshold: Quantifying ground motion beyond design

Cito

Iervolino

2020

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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SUMMARY In performance‐based seismic design, as adopted by several building codes worldwide, the structural performance is verified against ground motions that have predetermined exceedance return periods at the site of interest. Such a return period is evaluated by means of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA), and the corresponding ground motion is often represented by the uniform hazard spectrum (UHS). The structural performance for ground motions larger than those considered in this design approach is, typically, not explicitly controlled under the assumption that they are sufficiently rare. On one hand, this does not achieve uniform safety at sites characterized by different design ground motions corresponding to the same return period; on the other hand, exceedances of the design spectra are systematically observed over large areas, for example in Italy. The latter issue is because of the nature of UHS, the exceedance of which is likely‐to‐almost‐certain when the construction site is in the epicentral area of moderate‐to‐high magnitude earthquakes (ie, the design spectrum may be not conservative at these locations), especially if PSHA is based on seismic source zones. The former is partially because of the systematic difference of ground motions for return periods larger than the design one at the different sites. Quantification of the expected ground motion given the exceedance of the design ground motions (ie, the recently introduced as the expected peak‐over‐threshold or POT) can be of help in quantitatively assessing these issues. In the study, a procedure to compute the POT distribution is derived first; second, POT spectra are introduced and used to help understanding why and how seismic structural reliability of code‐conforming structures decreases as the seismic hazard of the site increases; third, expected and 95th percentile POT maps are shown for Italy to discuss how much high hazard sites are exposed to much larger peak‐over‐threshold with respect to mid‐hazard and low‐hazard sites; finally the POT is discussed with respect to the slope of the hazard curve (in log‐log scale) at the threshold, a known proxy for ground motion beyond design. All data presented in the maps are made available for the interested reader as a supplemental archive.

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Section: Peak-over-threshold Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Peak-over-threshold Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peak‐over‐threshold: Quantifying ground motion beyond design

Cito

Iervolino

2020

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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“…Within the framework of displacement‐based assessment, the analysis of damage conditions resulting from known spectral demands may enlighten the actual correlations between demand, equivalent stiffness and damping, and corresponding damage level. This may specifically apply to back analysis of recent events used in this study, such as the earthquake sequence of Central Italy in 2016 (Luzi et al), or to successive events, such as the earthquake in Ischia, Italy, of August 2017.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introducing new design spectra derived from Italian recorded ground motions 1972 to 2017

Calvi

Rodrigues

Silva

2018

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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Summary The shape of design spectra, traditionally based on regions characterized by constant displacement, constant velocity, and constant acceleration, has been discussed from a conceptual point of view by Calvi (2018). In the same study, a formulation for the definition of the design spectra relying on four parameters was proposed. Predictive models are proposed herein to calculate these four parameters, conditional on magnitude and distance. These models were developed using a large number of recorded ground motions in Italy, and they allow defining combined spectral acceleration versus spectral displacement plots. Such design spectra are shown to reasonably interpolate the experimental data, resulting in acceleration and displacement demand that approximate the response spectra resulting from +1σ results obtained from recorded ground motions. While it is recognized that numerous additional parameter should be considered (eg, focal depth and fault distance, site amplification), it is also concluded that this approach to define the seismic demand is promising toward a rationalization of seismic design. A thorough application of the approach developed and preliminary tested in this work may result in a re‐visitation of seismic design approaches and, ultimately, in a more efficient use of the available resources.

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Evaluating the identification methods of permanent displacement derived from strong motion records: Case studies in the 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake

Zhou,

Guo,

Ren

et al. 2024

Earthquake Engineering and Resilience

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On February 6, 2023, the Republic of Turkey experienced a rare occurrence of two successive earthquakes, each with a magnitude exceeding 7.0. The Disaster and Emergency Management Agency (AFAD) swiftly shared the strong motion records, thereby enriching the global database of near‐fault strong motion records. Identification of permanent displacement is essential for effectively utilizing these records. In this study, we refined the permanent displacement identification method, which combines the Hermit interpolation baseline correction with flatness determination by incorporating a low‐pass filter. Following this, we compared four permanent displacement identification methods, including our improved approach. We applied these to the strong motion record of station 4404 and compared the results with the Global Positioning System coseismic displacement. At the same time, we used field investigation data to verify the effectiveness of our improved method, studying its applicability for both single‐wave packet and multiwave packet records. The conclusions are the following: the improved method provides a more reasonable and effective means of identifying permanent displacement. When the peak ground acceleration (PGA) exceeds 1 g, the permanent displacement identifications from the four methods differ significantly. The discrepancy in permanent displacements identified by the four methods in the horizontal direction is larger than that in the U−D direction. For the record with the largest PGA (station 4614), our improved method yields more reasonable results compared with other techniques. Furthermore, the choice of segmentation time nodes in the velocity time history significantly affects the identification of permanent displacement.

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The Central Italy Seismic Sequence between August and December 2016: Analysis of Strong‐Motion Observations

Cited by 66 publications

References 47 publications

Peak‐over‐threshold: Quantifying ground motion beyond design

Peak‐over‐threshold: Quantifying ground motion beyond design

Introducing new design spectra derived from Italian recorded ground motions 1972 to 2017

Evaluating the identification methods of permanent displacement derived from strong motion records: Case studies in the 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake

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