The world of vinicultural archaeology has expanded exponentially over the past two decades, adding novel discoveries, methodologies, theories, and new archaeological evidence. Despite this, focused regional or site-specific approaches and syntheses dominate scholarship. This article provides an alternate, macroperspective via a comprehensive update and overview of the archaeological evidence for the entire Italian peninsula. When considered as a whole, the sheer quantity of evidence is simply a starting point for future research directions. New data from pre-Roman Italy might suggest localized indigenous winemaking experimentation, contrasting with traditionally dominant east-west colonial diffusionist models. Detailed cataloguing and interpretation of Roman wineries demonstrate that two dominant press types were present simultaneously. Along with these syntheses, previously unpublished evidence is analyzed for the first time, including conspicuous, lavish, and theatrical wine production at the Villa dei Quintili just outside Rome. 1 introduction "There are two liquids that are especially agreeable to the human body, wine inside and oil outside" (Plin., HN 14.29.150). Wine permeated and enveloped Roman culture. It was both a daily drink and reserved for special occasions, played a key role in trade and the economy, and was found in medicinal, religious, domestic, and commercial contexts. Since antiquity, Roman winemaking and viticulture have been interpreted through historical sources, which tend to be scattered, incomplete, and biased, and, to an extent, comparative ethnography. 2 Indeed, preindustrial equipment and practice often retain ancient characteristics of the same region and thus provide a valuable proxy