The quality of healthcare is important to American consumers, and discussion on quality will be a driving force towards improving the delivery of healthcare in America. Funding agencies are proposing a variety of quality measures, such as Centers of Excellence, Pay-for-Participation and Pay-for-Performance initiatives, to overhaul the healthcare delivery system in this country. However, it is quite uncertain whether these quality initiatives will succeed in curbing the unchecked growth in healthcare spending in this country, and physicians understandably are concerned about more intrusion into the practice of medicine. This article will outline the genesis of the quality movement and discuss its effect on the surgical community.