“…The full version of the CES-D (Radloff, 1977) is a well-established and widely used tool for evaluating depression and has been demonstrated to have good psychometric properties in multiple populations (Al-Modallal, 2010; Dozeman et al, 2011; Radloff, 1991; Roberts, Lewinsohn, & Seeley, 1991; Ros et al, 2011). The items on the shortened version available in Wave IV of Add Health assess whether and how often participants experienced the following depressive symptoms within the past seven days: sadness, depression, irritability, inability to shake the blues, feelings of worthlessness, trouble concentrating, fatigue, feeling disliked, feeling unhappy, and not enjoying life.…”