The Cellular Defence Reactions of Insects

Abstract

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Lamellocyte differentiation in Drosophila larvae parasitized by Leptopilina

“…Earlier studies showed that internal injuries resulting from mechanical handling of Drosophila larvae cause melanotic masses to form around injured tissues (17). Implanted Drosophila tissues devoid of basement membrane are encapsulated by lamellocytes, supporting the suggestion that the basement membrane covering all surfaces in the insect hemocoel is recognized as self by the blood cells and the absence of this covering denotes not self to the blood cells (22)(23)(24). Injection of foreign materials and infliction of wounds with relatively large-bore needles must damage basement membrane or dislodge cells and tissue fragments so they are not protected by basement membrane.…”

Specific and Non-specific Defense against Parasitic Attack

“…Insects resist attack by encapsulating the parasitoid with defensive cells (Salt, 1970). Resistance has two important steps: recognition of a foreign object as non-self and induction of the encapsulation process.…”

Ultrastructural study of the encapsulation response of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana

“…I also wish to thank Mike Silvers for his technical assistance throughout most of this thesis, my family for their patience and understanding, and to all those who have given me advice and aid throughout this time. dent from the many studies of the immune reactivity of invertebrates, especially insects, that cell-mediated reactions are the more prominant type of immune response, (Salt, 1955(Salt, , 1957(Salt, , 1959(Salt, , 1963a(Salt, , 1965(Salt, , 1970a(Salt, ,b, 1975Gupta and Sutherland, 1966;Mercer and Nicholas, 1967;Grimstone et al 1967;Peterson, 1968;Nappi, 1970aNappi, ,b, 1975aNappi, ,b, 1977bNappi, , 1981Nappi and Stoffolano, 1971;Scott, 1971a;Tripp, 1971;Misko, 1972;Poinar, 1975;Brennan, 1975;Brehelin et al, 1975;Lackie, 1975Lackie, , 1976Lackie, , 1979Lackie, , 1980Lackie, , 1981Lackie and Lackie, 1979;Schmit and Ratcliffe, 1977;Ratcliffe and Rowley, 1979;Ratcliffe and Gagen, 1976;Rowley andRatcliffe, 1979' 1981). However, against certain microbial agents, 1 insects and other invertebrates produce non-specific humoral factors, about which little is presently known (Chadwick, 19.67;Lackie, 1980;Jurenka et al, 1982;Rheins and Karp, 1982;Stynen et al, 1982;…”