The Cells of the Pulmonary Airways<sup>1,</sup><sup>2</sup>

Breeze, R. G.; Wheeldon, Eric B.

doi:10.1164/arrd.1977.116.4.705

Cited by 431 publications

(191 citation statements)

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“…The ultrastructure of the epithelial cells of rabbits' terminal bronchioles was described in numerous papers (Breeze and Wheldon 1977;Gail and Lenfant 1983;Jeffery 1983;Kil burn 1974;Plopper et al 1980a). Our findings coincide completely with these descriptions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Quantitative Evaluation of Findings in the Epithelium of Terminal Bronchioles in Healthy Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus var. edulis)

Uhlı́k¹

1996

Acta Vet. Brno

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The ultrastructure of the epithelium of terminal bronchioles in healthy control rabbits was evaluated quantitatively. The simple epithelium of terminal bronchioles was composed of ciliated cells and secretory Clara cells. The ciliated cells were low columnar or cuboidal, their apical surfaces carried only several tens of kinocilia that were not arranged to the continuous ciliary border. The high, columnar Clara cells overtopped and often even overlapped the ciliated ones by their voluminous apical portions. The ultrastructure of both cell types was found conformable to this described in the literature. The Clara cells slightly prevailed in number. They represented 52.7 ± 3.6% of epithelial cells. In 73.5 ±9.4% of them secretory granules were discovered. Terminal bronchioles, ciliated celis, Clara celis, ultrastructureIn our previous experiments the effect of different drugs, therapeutic or diagnostic procedures on the ultrastructure of the large extrapulmonary airways' epithelium was studied. A new method of the quantitative evaluation of findings in this epithelium and the classification of the degree of injury to this epithelium was proposed (K 0 n r ado v a 1991, 1995).We decided to extend our studies also to the terminal branches of the bronchial tree, where the pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium was gradually substituted by a simple epithelium and the goblet cells were replaced by the Clara ones.To be able to evaluate the changes caused by different experimental procedures in the epithelium of terminal bronchioles we tried to perform a method of the quantitative evaluation of the ultrastructure of this epithelium in healthy control rabbits. Materials and MethodsThree clinically healthy rabbits (males, body mass 1,740 g -3.800 g) were used. Under general anaesthesia the lungs were removed and one of them was immediately perfused by 59c glutaraldehyde in 0.1 Iv! cacodylate buffer (pH 7.2) through a plastic cannula introduced to the main bronchus. One of the perfused lungs was then transversely sectioned and tiny pieces of the tissue were collected and fixed for 90 min with 5ge glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer and then for 60 min with 29c OsO. in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.4). The material was dehydrated in graded series of alcohol and embedded in a Durcupan-Epon mixture. Terminal bronchioles were localized in semithin sections stained with toluidine blue (1ge toluidine blue in 9.46'7c aqueous Na,HPO. solution). Ultrathin sections were prepared on Ultrotome Nova. contrasted with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and examined in JEM 100 C electron microscope.In the course of quantitative evaluation the total number of ciliated and Clara cells and functional state of Clara cells were recorded in the electron microscope. A totul of 284 ciliated cells was counted and of the 317 Clara cells only in 233 secretory granules were encountered (Table I).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Quantitative Evaluation of Findings in the Epithelium of Terminal Bronchioles in Healthy Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus var. edulis)

Uhlı́k¹

1996

Acta Vet. Brno

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“…Furthermore, no AM were observed, thus excluding the possibility of contamination from the lower respiratory tract. A few lymphocytes were present in the DC population and likely represented lymphocytes that are normally present within the bronchial epithelium (27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Dendritic cells with antigen-presenting capability reside in airway epithelium, lung parenchyma, and visceral pleura.

Sertl¹,

Takemura²,

Tschachler³

et al. 1986

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

340

184

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In this study, we identified a population of dendritic cells (DC) that exists throughout human and mouse pulmonary tissues, including the trachea, bronchi, alveoli, and visceral pleura. In human tissue, these DC were shown to be positive for HLA-DR and T200 antigens. In the mouse, the DC expressed not only Ia and the T200 antigen, but also Fc-IgG and C3bi receptors. Unlike alveolar macrophages, the DC were negative for nonspecific esterase staining and shared ultrastructural similarities with the DC described by Steinman (1), and with Langerhans' cells, even though they did not contain Birbeck granules. We were able to demonstrate that mouse pulmonary DC function in antigen presentation, as observed with the other DC. Thus, the respiratory tract contains DC that are capable of functioning in antigen presentation and that may be important in pulmonary immune responses.

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“…Ciliary structure and function are highly conserved among all species and at different levels of the respiratory tract. 4 Dysfunction of respiratory cilia leads to development of recurrent upper and lower respiratory tract infections, bronchiectasis and small airway obstruction. This is exemplified by Kartagener's syndrome (sinusitis, bronchiectasis and dextrocardia) which is the most obvious clinical expression of a spectrum of diseases caused by abnormal ciliary function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory ciliary function in bone marrow recipients

Lie

et al. 2001

Bone Marrow Transplant

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Summary:Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) recipients, particularly those with chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), suffer from respiratory tract problems, including bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) and recurrent lower respiratory tract infections. Minute cilia beat continuously on the surface of respiratory mucosa, and this beating maintains the sterility of the lower respiratory tract. Dysfunction of respiratory cilia could lead to development of recurrent respiratory tract infections, which are also features of BMT recipients, although ciliary function has not been systematically studied among these subjects. We have, therefore, investigated the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of 36 Chinese patients who had undergone allogeneic BMT. The CBF was significantly lower in the BMT group compared to controls (P Ͻ 0.001). The reduction in CBF was more severe in patients with cGVHD and BO compared with their counterparts (P = 0.048 and P = 0.077, respectively). There was a correlation between CBF with forced expiratory flow rate FEF (P = 0.024) and forced expiratory volume FEV (P = 0.044). We conclude that abnormal ciliary clearance is a common feature after allogeneic BMT, particularly among patients with BO and cGVHD. Further studies are indicated to evaluate this important phenomenon, which could be an important cause of the susceptibility for BMT recipients to respiratory infections. Bone Marrow Transplantation (2001) 27, 1147-1151. Keywords: bone marrow transplantation; ciliary function; bronchiolitis obliterans; graft-versus-host disease Survivors of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) often suffer from respiratory complications. These include conditioning toxicity, infective complications and bronchiliotis obliterans (BO). 1 BO is characterized histologically by obliteration and destruction of lumen of respiratory bronchioles by granulation tissue, mononuclear cell infiltration, and fibrosis. Clinically, it manifests itself as an irreversible obstructive defect affecting small airways, usually in the absence of proven infection. The exact mechanism for the cause of such abnormalities after BMT is unknown, but there is a documented association with chronic graftversus-host disease (cGVHD), total body irradiation, and prior chemotherapy exposure. 2,3 Cilia are minute hair-like structures present on the surface of respiratory mucosa. Each of these cilia beat continuously at 10-18 Hz, and this beating creates a constant flow of periciliary fluid, which is responsible for maintaining the sterility of the lower respiratory tract. Ciliary structure and function are highly conserved among all species and at different levels of the respiratory tract. 4 Dysfunction of respiratory cilia leads to development of recurrent upper and lower respiratory tract infections, bronchiectasis and small airway obstruction. This is exemplified by Kartagener's syndrome (sinusitis, bronchiectasis and dextrocardia) which is the most obvious clinical expression of a spectrum of diseases caused by abnormal ciliary function. 5 Defects in ciliary ...

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The Cells of the Pulmonary Airways^1,²

Cited by 431 publications

References 0 publications

Quantitative Evaluation of Findings in the Epithelium of Terminal Bronchioles in Healthy Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus var. edulis)

Quantitative Evaluation of Findings in the Epithelium of Terminal Bronchioles in Healthy Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus var. edulis)

Dendritic cells with antigen-presenting capability reside in airway epithelium, lung parenchyma, and visceral pleura.

Respiratory ciliary function in bone marrow recipients

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The Cells of the Pulmonary Airways1,2

Cited by 431 publications

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Quantitative Evaluation of Findings in the Epithelium of Terminal Bronchioles in Healthy Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus var. edulis)

Quantitative Evaluation of Findings in the Epithelium of Terminal Bronchioles in Healthy Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus var. edulis)

Dendritic cells with antigen-presenting capability reside in airway epithelium, lung parenchyma, and visceral pleura.

Respiratory ciliary function in bone marrow recipients

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About

The Cells of the Pulmonary Airways^1,²