The Cells of the Adenohypophysis and Their Functional Significance

Herlant, M

doi:10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60409-x

Cited by 188 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 151 publications

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“…In conjunction with our knowledge of the ultrastructure of the mammalian pituitary gland (Herlant, 1964;Harris & Donovan, 1966;Nunez et al, 1980;Bhiwgade et al;Muniz et al;Singh & Krishna, 1994, 1997, the present ultrastructural observations demonstrate the presence of six cell types in the pars distalis of adult female emballonurid bat, T. longimanus. The increase in nuclear size, enlargement of nucleoli and hypertrophy of organelles and nature of secretory granules of the cells have taken as the indicators of stimulation and increased synthetic activity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Gonadotrophs (Fsh and Lh Cells)mentioning

confidence: 68%

“…The FSH-secreting cells described in bats correspond to the presumptive rat FSH cells of Nakane (1970), bat FSH cells of Herlant (1964) and mink FSH cells of Murphy & James. The LH gonadotrophs in bats correspond to the LH cells of Nakane, gonadotrophs of Rennels et al (1971) and LH cells of Herlant (1964). Electron microscopic studies have confirmed the presence of two gonadotroph cell types in the rat (Farquhar & Rinehart, 1954a, 1954b and bat (Herlant, 1964;Bhiwgade et al;Singh & Krishna, 1994).…”

Section: Gonadotrophs (Fsh and Lh Cells)mentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Herlant (1963Herlant ( , 1964Herlant ( , 1968, Azzali and Bhiwgade et al studied cytological variations in gonadotrophs in different species of bats under various physiological conditions. They have differentiated the gonadotrophs into two distinct entities, the FSH and LH secreting gonadotrophs.…”

Section: Gonadotrophs (Fsh and Lh Cells)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrastructural Characterization of the Pars Distalis of the Indian Female Sheath-Tailed Bat, Taphozous longimanus (Hardwicke)

Nerkar

Gadegone

2010

Int. J. Morphol.

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SUMMARY:The present ultrastructural observations demonstrate the presence of six cell types in the pars distalis of nonpregnant and pregnant bats of Taphozous longimanus. In the pars distalis of T. longimanus, STH cells are round to oval with eccentrically placed nucleus, numerous secretory granules and well developed Golgi indicate a cell under vigorous synthetic activity while those filled with secretory granules with reduced Golgi complex suggest reserve or storage state of cells. LTH cell is characterized by the large secretory granules, dilated endoplasmic reticulum and numerous mitochondria in the cytoplasm which indicate that these cells are hypertrophied and synthetically very active during pregnancy. ACTH cells are found either singly or in groups and are elongated or angular with long cytoplasmic processes. The size and peripheral arrangement of secretory granules are characteristic of ACTH cell. TSH cells are distributed mostly towards the periphery of the pars distalis of T. longimanus. They are elongated, polygonal or triangular in shape. The secretory granules are small, electron dense, 150-200 nm in diameter. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is very well developed. In FSH, the secretory granules are small (200 to 400 nm) and less in number and are distributed towards the periphery of the cell. FSH cells show well developed mitochondria, Golgi and rough endoplasmic reticulum indicating active state of FSH during estrus and pregnancy. The hypertrophy of FSH and LH cells during pregnancy is associated with filigreed cytoplasmic pattern giving a bizarre appearance. At late pregnancy, FSH and LH cells are highly active and synthesize large quantities of hormone as indicated by the development of cell organelles.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Gonadotrophs (Fsh and Lh Cells)mentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Gonadotrophs (Fsh and Lh Cells)mentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Gonadotrophs (Fsh and Lh Cells)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Ultrastructural Characterization of the Pars Distalis of the Indian Female Sheath-Tailed Bat, Taphozous longimanus (Hardwicke)

Nerkar

Gadegone

2010

Int. J. Morphol.

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“…Acidophils, basophils or chromophobes have been enumerated as sources (a review of Herlant, 1964). Recently, Kurosumi and Kobayashi (1966) described a new type of cells and called them"corticotrophs.…”

Section: Synopsismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of CRF on the Morphological and Functional Differentiation of the Cultured Chromophobes Isolated from Rat Anterior Pituitaries

et al. 1971

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SynopsisThe pure chromophobes isolated from adenohypophyseal cells of rats were successfully cultured by the roller tube method in a serum-free NCTC-109 medium supplemented with nucleic acids and l-thyroxine. Upon light and electron microscopy, some chromophobes cultured in the control media proliferated by mitosis and others differentiated into immature ambiguous cells. The assay of ACTH, GH, and prolactin showed that these control explants produced a small amount of ACTH and GH, but a large amount of prolactin. When cultured in a CRF (corticotrophin releasing factor) medium, most chromophobes differentiated continuously into acidophils, but not into basophils. Most cells cultured in a CRF medium accumulated granules of various sizes. Since the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA of chromophobes and ambiguous cells reached a maximum at an early stage of their culture, these two cells were assumed to be the maternal cells with the proliferating activity. When the chromophobes were kept in the media containing CRF and colchicine, their cell division was arrested at metaphase. With evident decrease in number of the chromophobes and ambiguous cells, many cells of the explants turned into acidophilic cells providing protein synthesizing ability. Thus the virtual transformation of the chromophobes into acidophils was induced. The explants in a CRF-colchicine medium produced a large amount of ACTH exclusively, and produced neither GH nor prolactin irrespective of the different sizes of granules. During the time course of CRF culture the 3H-thymidine incorporation into nucelar DNA was low when the ACTH content of explants was high, and vice versa. As CRF content of the media was increased, the peak of volumetric percentage of acidophils in the explants appeared earlier. The chromophobes may be dynamic rather than static in a mode of transformation into acidophils following the addition of CRF in to the medium. The cells which were differentiating on the acidophil axis could be, therefore, regarded as ACTH producers in reference to bioassay data.

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Carcinoid tumor of the vermiform appendix with Cushing's syndrome.Ultrastructural study of a case

Johnston

Waisman

1971

Cancer

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A young woman with Cushing's syndrome recovered after removal of an appendiceal carcinoid tumor which contained ACTH in excess. The tumor was not associated with any features suggestive of serotonin production although the neoplastic cells were argyrophilic and demonstrated a positive argentaffin reaction. The cells contained pleomorphic dense granules and had other cytoplasmic characteristics of the enterochromaffin or argentaffin cells that are typically found in midgut derivatives. They displayed 4 ultrastructural features of polypeptide hormone‐producing cells which are a high content of free ribosomes, low levels of rough endoplasmic reticulum, electron dense mitochondria, and membrane‐bound secretion vesicles. However, they lacked one important ultrastructural feature of such cells, namely high levels of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the form of vesicles. A sixth ultrastructural characteristic of polypeptide hormone‐secreting cells, fixation lability of mitochondria, could not be assessed from the material available for study.

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The Cells of the Adenohypophysis and Their Functional Significance

Cited by 188 publications

References 151 publications

Ultrastructural Characterization of the Pars Distalis of the Indian Female Sheath-Tailed Bat, Taphozous longimanus (Hardwicke)

Ultrastructural Characterization of the Pars Distalis of the Indian Female Sheath-Tailed Bat, Taphozous longimanus (Hardwicke)

Effect of CRF on the Morphological and Functional Differentiation of the Cultured Chromophobes Isolated from Rat Anterior Pituitaries

Carcinoid tumor of the vermiform appendix with Cushing's syndrome.Ultrastructural study of a case

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