The CellFlux Storage Concept for Increased Flexibility in Sensible Heat Storage

Odenthal, Christian; Steinmann, Wolf-Dieter; Eck, Markus

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.681

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Here, the Hitec HTS based plant has an advantage, since the impact of parasitic losses is comparatively small due to the higher electric power. The relationships between exergetic efficiency and storage mass and the investigation of possible heat exchangers in a previous publication [6] provide a basis for such analyses. Considering the low costs for the storage material and some preliminary cost estimates, the overall costs of the CellFlux storage system are promising.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 2 summarizes the input parameters for the parametric study. In a preceding publication [6], the impact of steel mass and parasitic losses of the heat exchanger on investment and operational costs were presented. Similar to that, the necessary material mass of the regenerator packing together with the recovered exergy from the storage system are two meaningful quantities for the estimation of operational and investment costs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proof-of-concept and advancement of the CellFlux concept

Odenthal¹,

Steinmann²

2016

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. The CellFlux storage system is a new concept for reducing the costs of medium to high temperature thermal energy storage. Initially designed for solar thermal power plants, the concept is suitable for industrial processes and power to heat applications as well. This paper gives first results of a new pilot scale plant set up at DLR in Stuttgart as a proof of concept. Experimental results are used for the validation of a simplified model. The model is apllied to calculate pareto optimal storage configurations in terms of necessary storage mass and exergetic efficiency, suitable for two types of solar thermal power plants. Particularly for applications having larger temperature differences, high exergetic efficiencies at low costs for the storage material can be achieved.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proof-of-concept and advancement of the CellFlux concept

Odenthal¹,

Steinmann²

2016

AIP Conference Proceedings

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“…A 100-kW test of the CellFlux concept 56 (one variant) has been tested. 57 There have also been tests to 800°C with another hot-rock variant with a variety of different rock types. 58 Red Leaf 59 is developing an oil shale process where oil shale is crushed and placed in piles approximately 30 m high.…”

Section: Iva2c Air-heated Hot-rock Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Variable and Assured Peak Electricity Production from Base-Load Light-Water Reactors with Heat Storage and Auxiliary Combustible Fuels

Forsberg

2018

Nuclear Technology

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In a low-carbon world (nuclear, wind, solar, and hydro) there is the need for assured dispatchable electricity to replace the historical role of fossil fuels. Base-load reactors can provide variable electricity to the grid by (1) sending some of their output (steam) to storage at times of low electricity prices and (2) using stored heat to produce added peak electricity at times of high electricity prices. Heat storage (steam accumulators, sensible heat, etc.) is less expensive than electricity storage (batteries, hydro pumped storage, etc.). The added cost of incrementally larger or standalone turbine generators for peak electricity production is small. However, energy storage systems (heat or electricity) can't provide assured capacity for extreme events, be it supply side (extended low-wind or low-solar conditions in systems with high wind or solar capacity) or demand side (long periods of cold or hot weather). With heat storage systems there is the option to provide peak electricity output when heat storage is depleted by heat addition with a water-tube boiler using natural gas, biofuels, or ultimately hydrogen. Fuel consumption for assured peaking capacity is small because most of the time the heat storage system meets peak electricity demands. The same systems enable reliable low-cost heat production for industry. Such systems enable an all nuclear or nuclear/hydro/ wind/solar/geothermal low-carbon electricity grid.

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“…The hot air is then used to heat the rock, which serves as the storage media. A 100 kW test of the CellFlux concept [Steinmann 2014] (one variant) has been tested [Odenthal 2015]. There have also been tests to 800°C with another hot-rock variant with a variety of different rock types [Schroder 2018].…”

Section: Hot-rock Heat Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Storage Options for Sodium, Salt and Helium Cooled Reactors to Enable Variable Electricity to the Grid and Heat to Industry with Base-Load Reactor Operations

Forsberg

Sabharwall

2018

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Electricity markets are changing rapidly because of (1) the addition of wind and solar and (2) the goal of a low-carbon electricity grid. These changes result in times of high electricity prices and very low or negative electricity prices. California has seen its first month where more than 20% of the time (mid-day) the wholesale price of electricity was zero or negative. This creates large incentives for coupling heat storage to advanced reactors to enable variable electricity and industrial-heat output (maximize revenue) while the reactor operates at base load (minimize cost).Recent studies have examined coupling various types of heat storage to Rankine and Brayton power cycles. However, there has been little examination of heat-storage options between (1) the reactor and (2) the power-conversion system or industrial customer. Heat-storage systems can be incorporated into sodium, helium-, and salt-cooled reactors. Salt-cooled reactors include the fluoride-salt-cooled high-temperature reactor (FHR) with its solid fuel and clean coolant and the molten salt reactor (MSR) with its fuel dissolved in the salt. For sodium and salt reactors, it is assumed that a heat-storage system would be in the secondary loop between the reactor and power cycle. For helium-cooled reactors, heat storage can be in the primary or secondary loop.This report is a first look at the rational and the heat storage options for deploying gigawatt-watt hour heat-storage systems with GenIV reactors. Economics and safety are the primary selection criteria. The leading heat-storage candidate for sodium-cooled systems (a low-pressure secondary system with small temperature drop across the reactor core) is steel in large tanks with the sodium flowing through channels to move heat in and out of storage. The design minimizes sodium volume in the storage and, thus, the risks and costs associated with sodium. For helium systems (high-pressure with large temperature drop across the core), the leading heat storage options are (1) varying the temperature of the reactor core, (2) steel or alumina firebrick in a secondary pressure vessel and (3) nitrate or hot-rock/firebrick at atmospheric pressure. For salt systems (low pressure, high temperatures, and small temperature drop across the reactor core) the leading heat-storage systems are secondary salts. In each case, options are identified and questions to be addressed are identified.In some cases there is a strong coupling between the heat-storage technology and the power cycle. The leading sodium heat-storage technology may imply changes in the power cycle. High-temperature salt systems couple efficiency to Brayton power cycles that may create large incentives for the heat storage to remain within the power cycle rather than in any intermediate heat transfer loop.iv v CANES PUBLICATIONSTopical and progress reports are published under seven series:

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The CellFlux Storage Concept for Increased Flexibility in Sensible Heat Storage

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Proof-of-concept and advancement of the CellFlux concept

Proof-of-concept and advancement of the CellFlux concept

Variable and Assured Peak Electricity Production from Base-Load Light-Water Reactors with Heat Storage and Auxiliary Combustible Fuels

Heat Storage Options for Sodium, Salt and Helium Cooled Reactors to Enable Variable Electricity to the Grid and Heat to Industry with Base-Load Reactor Operations

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