The cell biology of inflammation: From common traits to remarkable immunological adaptations

Weavers, Helen; Martin, Paul

doi:10.1083/jcb.202004003

Cited by 38 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 146 publications

(172 reference statements)

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“…Inflammation is known to be a highly orchestrated and tightly controlled protective mechanism dealing with infection and coordinating the repair and regeneration process. However, in the case of misregulation of inflammation or its chronic character, it can be responsible for severe tissue damage [ 369 ]. Therefore, elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation/control and resolution of inflammation is among the major topics of modern medical and veterinary sciences.…”

Section: Nf-κb and Inflammation In Poultry Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox Homeostasis in Poultry: Regulatory Roles of NF-κB

2021

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Redox biology is a very quickly developing area of modern biological sciences, and roles of redox homeostasis in health and disease have recently received tremendous attention. There are a range of redox pairs in the cells/tissues responsible for redox homeostasis maintenance/regulation. In general, all redox elements are interconnected and regulated by various means, including antioxidant and vitagene networks. The redox status is responsible for maintenance of cell signaling and cell stress adaptation. Physiological roles of redox homeostasis maintenance in avian species, including poultry, have received limited attention and are poorly characterized. However, for the last 5 years, this topic attracted much attention, and a range of publications covered some related aspects. In fact, transcription factor Nrf2 was shown to be a master regulator of antioxidant defenses via activation of various vitagenes and other protective molecules to maintain redox homeostasis in cells/tissues. It was shown that Nrf2 is closely related to another transcription factor, namely, NF-κB, responsible for control of inflammation; however, its roles in poultry have not yet been characterized. Therefore, the aim of this review is to describe a current view on NF-κB functioning in poultry with a specific emphasis to its nutritional modulation under various stress conditions. In particular, on the one hand, it has been shown that, in many stress conditions in poultry, NF-κB activation can lead to increased synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines leading to systemic inflammation. On the other hand, there are a range of nutrients/supplements that can downregulate NF-κB and decrease the negative consequences of stress-related disturbances in redox homeostasis. In general, vitagene–NF-κB interactions in relation to redox balance homeostasis, immunity, and gut health in poultry production await further research.

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Section: Nf-κb and Inflammation In Poultry Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox Homeostasis in Poultry: Regulatory Roles of NF-κB

2021

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“…To identify new mechanisms governing in vivo migration, we study Drosophila macrophages, also called plasmatocytes. Macrophages are the primary phagocytic and innate immune cell in Drosophila and share remarkable similarities with vertebrate macrophages in ontogeny, functional properties, and migratory behavior (Brückner et al, 2004; Nourshargh and Alon, 2014; Ratheesh et al, 2015; Weavers et al, 2016; Wood and Martin, 2017; Weavers et al, 2020). Phagocytic macrophages not only resolve infections, but also influence development and homeostasis (Caputa et al, 2019; Riera-Domigo et al, 2020; Buck et al, 2016; Bunt et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A genetic program boosts mitochondrial function to power macrophage tissue invasion

Emtenani

Martin

Gyoergy

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Metabolic adaptation to changing demands underlies homeostasis. During inflammation or metastasis, cells leading migration into challenging environments require an energy boost, however what controls this capacity is unknown. We identify a previously unstudied nuclear protein, Atossa, as changing metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster immune cells to promote tissue invasion. Atossa's vertebrate orthologs, FAM214A-B can fully substitute for Atossa, indicating functional conservation from flies to mammals. Atossa increases mRNA levels of Porthos, an unstudied RNA helicase and two metabolic enzymes, LKR/SDH and GR/HPR. Porthos increases translation of a gene subset, including those affecting mitochondrial functions, the electron transport chain, and metabolism. Respiration measurements and metabolomics indicate that Atossa and Porthos power up mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to produce sufficient energy for pioneer macrophages to forge a path into tissues. As increasing oxidative phosphorylation enables many crucial physiological responses, this unique genetic program may modulate a wide range of cellular behaviors beyond migration.

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“…conditions akin to those found in endotheliitis. Inflammation, an early protective mechanism against diverse noxa, is tightly regulated to provide a balanced response (see recent review by ( Weavers and Martin, 2020 ). The multimolecular protein complexes called inflammasomes play an important role in this mechanism; upon activation, the enzyme caspase-1 cleaves the inactive cytokine precursors pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 to produce their active forms ( Seoane et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: A Unifying Hypothesis Of Sars-cov-2 Affectation Of the Cnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The unfolding palette of COVID-19 multisystemic syndrome and its neurological manifestations

Barrantes

2021

Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health

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Although our current knowledge of the pathophysiology of COVID-19 is still fragmentary, the information so far accrued on the tropism and life cycle of its etiological agent SARS-CoV-2, together with the emerging clinical data, suffice to indicate that the severe acute pulmonary syndrome is the main, but not the only manifestation of COVID-19. Necropsy studies are increasingly revealing underlying endothelial vasculopathies in the form of micro-haemorrhages and micro-thrombi. Intertwined with defective antiviral responses, dysregulated coagulation mechanisms, abnormal hyper-inflammatory reactions and responses, COVID-19 is disclosing a wide pathophysiological palette. An additional property in categorising the disease is the combination of tissue (e.g. neuro- and vasculo-tropism) with organ tropism, whereby the virus preferentially attacks certain organs with highly developed capillary beds, such as the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, kidney and brain. These multiple clinical presentations confirm that the acute respiratory syndrome as described initially is increasingly unfolding as a more complex nosological entity, a multiorgan syndrome of systemic breadth. The neurological manifestations of COVID-19, the focus of this review, reflect this manifold nature of the disease.

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The cell biology of inflammation: From common traits to remarkable immunological adaptations

Cited by 38 publications

References 146 publications

Redox Homeostasis in Poultry: Regulatory Roles of NF-κB

Redox Homeostasis in Poultry: Regulatory Roles of NF-κB

A genetic program boosts mitochondrial function to power macrophage tissue invasion

The unfolding palette of COVID-19 multisystemic syndrome and its neurological manifestations

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