The causes and effects of degradation of encapsulant ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) in crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules: A review

Oliveira, Michele Cândida Carvalho de; Cardoso, Antônia Sonia Alves Diniz; Viana, Marcelo Machado; Lins, Vanessa de Freitas Cunha

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.06.039

Cited by 267 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The encapsulation of silicon (Si) cells by the use of EVA helps in guarding them against various field stressors such as humidity, thermal extremes, mechanical damage, and UV radiation . The most commonly used VA content for such an application is around 28–33% . However, there have been no systematic studies on exploring the usage of EVA outside this composition range as encapsulate materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EVA undergoes photo‐oxidative, thermo‐oxidative, and chemical degradation when it is subjected to ultraviolet (UV) exposure, high temperature, moisture, and atmospheric oxygen for long periods of time . EVA under field conditions initially oxidizes and produces many unsaturated components, for example, unsaturated polyenes, α,β unsaturated carbonyl compounds, and other volatile components like acetic acid, alcohol, and methane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of vinyl acetate content on the photovoltaic‐encapsulation performance of ethylene vinyl acetate under accelerated ultra‐violet aging

Sharma

Desai

Singh

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The vinyl acetate (VA) content in ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) can significantly affect its performance as an encapsulant in photovoltaic modules under field conditions. EVA films of varying VA content (18, 24, 33, and 40%) have been prepared using twin screw extruder with the necessary additives and subsequently cured at 150 C. All the EVA films have been subjected to UV radiation at a wavelength of 340 nm for 1000 and 2000 h to simulate accelerated field aging. The effects of accelerated aging on the gel content, mechanical properties, transmittance, Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectra, thermal stability, degree of crystallinity, and yellowness have been studied. The observations made in this study of UV aging up to 2000 h suggests that the optimum range of VA content in EVA should be between 18 and 33% by weight. VA content beyond 40% degrades almost all properties needed for an encapsulate material after aging of only 2000 h. VA content of around 18% is the most stable under UV aging conditions but has a slightly lower value of transmittance for the unaged sample although the difference in transmittance between different specimens decreases with UV aging.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of vinyl acetate content on the photovoltaic‐encapsulation performance of ethylene vinyl acetate under accelerated ultra‐violet aging

Sharma

Desai

Singh

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…It is damaged by UV radiation with wavelengths below 350 nm. The UV radiation makes the encapsulant degrade and acquire a yellow and eventually brown hue, which reduces the efficiency of the PV modules (Czanderna and Pern, 1996;Oliveira et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The strength of glass is lowered continuously in operation by handling, and it therefore also depends on the glass's scratch and crack resistance (Rouxel et al, 2014;Sundberg et al, 2019). The chemical protection is important and glass provides an excellent chemical protection where in principle the only weaknesses are the lamination (Kuitche et al, 2014) and the potential induced degradation (PID) (Oliveira et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transparent TiO2 and ZnO Thin Films on Glass for UV Protection of PV Modules

Johansson¹,

Peralta²,

Jonson³

et al. 2019

Front. Mater.

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Failure of PV modules frequently occurs as a result of degradation of their encapsulation material by destructive UV radiation. Both the life expectancy and efficiency of PV modules can be improved by reducing the transmittance of the destructive UV radiation through the cover glass without compromising the transmittance in the visible wavelength region. In addition, if the absorbed UV photons can be down-shifted to wavelengths that can be more efficiently converted to electrical energy, an additional increase of the PV efficiency could be achieved. In this study we have investigated transparent ZnO and TiO 2 thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis on soda lime silicate float glass as functional layers on PV cover glass. The optical bandgap, UV-cutoff, UV-Vis transmittance, reflectivity (total and diffuse) and photoluminescence have been determined. The ZnO coating shifted the optical bandgap to longer wavelengths, resulting in a reduction of the transmittance of destructive UV radiation by up to ∼85%. Distinct photoluminescence peaks at 377 nm and at 640 nm were observed for one of the ZnO samples. The TiO 2 coated glasses also showed an increased UV cutoff, which resulted in a reduction of transmittance of destructive UV radiation by up to 75%. However, no photoluminescence peaks could be observed from the TiO 2 films with 325 nm excitation laser, which can be explained by the fact that only indirect interband transitions are accessible at this excitation wavelength. Deposition of both ZnO and TiO 2 coatings resulted in a reduction of the transmitted light convertible by PV modules, by up to 12.3 and 21.8%, respectively. The implication of the results is discussed in terms of lifetime expectancy and efficiency of PV modules.

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“…DE OLIVEIRA, et al, 2017). influenciam no PID, sendo que o aumento da temperatura ou da umidade aumentam o PID(CASULA, et al, 2016).Além disso, ao avaliar a sujidade é necessário considerar as condições ambientais, uma vez que dependendo do material depositado sobre o módulo FV e o período que esse material permanece sobre ele dificultará a sua limpeza.…”

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Metodologia prática para análise de perda de eficiência de usinas fotovoltaicas com base nos custos de operação.

Moura¹

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Moura, Renan Corrêa from. Practical methodology for analyzing efficiency losses of photovoltaic plants based on operating costs. 2019. 141 f. Dissertation (Master in Science and Electrical Engineering) -Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 2019This work presents a methodology for the identification of photovoltaic modules (PV) yield losses due to degradation and impurity deposition. The identification of the mentioned losses enables the entrepreneur to obtain more concrete data about the real efficiency of the PV modules and contributes to the optimization of their cleaning expenses. Still, this work will enable not only the identification of the hypothesis of loss of yield of the PV system, but also its quantification.

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The causes and effects of degradation of encapsulant ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) in crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules: A review

Cited by 267 publications

References 57 publications

Effect of vinyl acetate content on the photovoltaic‐encapsulation performance of ethylene vinyl acetate under accelerated ultra‐violet aging

Effect of vinyl acetate content on the photovoltaic‐encapsulation performance of ethylene vinyl acetate under accelerated ultra‐violet aging

Transparent TiO2 and ZnO Thin Films on Glass for UV Protection of PV Modules

Metodologia prática para análise de perda de eficiência de usinas fotovoltaicas com base nos custos de operação.

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