The causes and cures of prejudice: An empirical study of the frustration-aggression hypothesis

Psychosocial characteristics of subtle and blatant racists as compared to tolerant individuals

“…First, tolerant individuals are psychologically healthier than prejudiced individuals. This finding is consistent with past findings that racially tolerant individuals are psychologically healthy (Allport, 1950;Grossarth-Maticek, Eysenck and Vetter, 1989;Jahoda, 1961;Pettigrew, 1981). Second, I discovered maladaptive patterns of psychosocial personality style associated with prejudiced individuals, a finding consistent with those of Adorno et al (1950), Gough andBradley (1993), andWaller (1993).…”

“…Prejudiced individuals also report anxiety, insecurity, and emotional distance in teen peer relationships. A finding consistent with adult findings cited in Adorno et al (1950) and Grossarth-Maticek, Eysenck, and Vetter (1989). …”

“…Consistent with these findings, Gough and Bradley (1993) described racially tolerant individuals as less conflicted, having more pronormative ego controls, and as having a higher sense of self-realization. Grossarth-Maticek, Eysenck, and Vetter (1989) also find that psychologically healthy and unstressed individuals show little racial prejudice. Helms (1989) found that white Americans who are able to value the good in their own culture as well as the good in ethnic minority cultures have better mental health.…”

Relationships between individual endorsement of aggressive behaviors and thoughts with prejudice relevant correlates among adolescents

“…Indeed, Özdemir, Özdemir, and Stattin (2016) have found that youths with negative attitudes toward immigrants are particularly likely to engage in ethnic harassment over time when they have high levels of impulsivity and lack of appropriate emotional control. Nevertheless, although prejudice and aggressive tendencies have several characteristics in common, including negative reactions to a target and behavioral responses that might escalate in harming others (Grossarth-Maticek, Eysenck, & Vetter, 1989; Kiesner, Dishion, & Poulin, 2000), few studies have looked at the association between attitudes toward ethnic out-groups and relevant prejudice related individual characteristics with levels of endorsement of aggressive tendencies and behaviors (Miller, Pedersen, Earleywine, & Pollock, 2003; Reijntjes et al, 2013). Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to explore how individual differences in endorsement of aggression relate to prejudice and established prejudice correlates among adolescents.…”

The Influence of Attitudes on Affirmative Action and Racial Identity on Judgments Involving Black Celebrity Defendants

“…4 Sears et al (1997) concluded that such White resentment was fed by a belief that Blacks violate traditional American values like the work ethic (operationalized as individualism, morality, and authoritarianism). Such scholarship posits that the new symbolic racism-motivated by other symbols including welfare, single parenting, and crime, as well as the perception that Blacks have gotten more than they deserve (Sears & Henry, 2003)-has largely replaced the more blatant, ''old-fashioned,'' or overt racist attitudes (e.g., support for segregation), as well as a personality-based view of prejudice (Grossarth-Maticek, Eysenck, & Vetter, 1989). Meertens and Pettigrew (1997) found that subtle prejudice-that which is ''cool, distant, and indirect''-can be measured reliably and separately from the more traditional form of blatant prejudice, which is ''hot, close and direct.''…”