The causes and consequences of occupational segregation: a simultaneous equations approach

Fain, James R.

doi:10.1080/000368498324977

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Although occupational segregation by gender could reflect efficiency reasons and individual preferences, it is also responsible for a large part of the gender wage gap because women are overrepresented in lower paying occupations (cf. Fain, 1998;Reed and Dahlquist, 1994;Jurajda and Harmgart, 2003). Moreover, there are fewer career opportunities in female occupations than in male occupations (Jacobsen, 1998).…”

Section: Human Capital Depreciation During Hometime 1 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human capital depreciation during hometime

Görlich

Grip

2008

Oxford Economic Papers

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People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website.• The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review.• The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal.If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the "Taverne" license above, please follow below link for the End User Agreement:

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Section: Human Capital Depreciation During Hometime 1 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human capital depreciation during hometime

Görlich

Grip

2008

Oxford Economic Papers

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“…The third explanation relates to market segregation and different occupational preferences (Castellano and Rocca, 2020;Fain, 1998;Garc ıa-Aracil, 2007;G€ orlich and de Grip, 2009;Leuze and Strauß, 2016;Murphy and Oesch, 2016;Reed and Dahlquist, 1994;Sloane et al, 2019;Triventi, 2013). Two types of segregation can be identified: horizontal and vertical.…”

Section: Theoretical Approaches and Their Empirical Applications To T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early career gender wage gaps among university graduates in Russia

Rudakov

Kiryushina

Figueiredo

et al. 2022

IJM

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PurposeThe aim of the research is to estimate the level of the early career gender wage gap in Russia, its evolution during the early stages of a career, gender segregation and discrimination among university graduates, and to identify factors which explain early career gender differences in pay. Special emphasis is placed on assessing the contribution of horizontal segregation (inequal gender distribution in fields of studies and industries of employment) to early-career gender inequality.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on a comprehensive and nationally representative survey of university graduates, carried out by Russian Federal State Statistics Service in 2016 (VTR Rosstat). The authors use Mincer OLS regressions for the analysis of the determinants of gender differences in pay. To explain the factors which form the gender gap, the authors use the Oaxaca-Blinder and Neumark gender gap decompositions, including detailed wage gap decompositions and decompositions by fields of study. For the analysis of differences in gender gap across wage distribution, quantile regressions and quantile decompositions based on recentered influence functions (RIFs) are used.FindingsThe study found significant gender differences in the early-career salaries of university graduates. Regression analysis confirms the presence of a 20% early-career gender wage gap. This gender wage gap is to a great extent can be explained by horizontal segregation: women are concentrated in fields of study and industries which are relatively low paid. More than half of the gender gap remains unexplained. The analysis of the evolution of the gender wage gap shows that it appears right after graduation and increases over time. A quantile decomposition reveals that, in low paid jobs, females experience less gender inequality than in better paid jobs.Social implicationsThe analysis has some important policy implications. Previously, gender equality policies were mainly related to the elimination of gender discrimination at work, including positive discrimination programs in a selection of candidates to job openings and programs of promotion; programs which ease women labour force participation through flexible jobs; programs of human capital accumulation, which implied gender equality in access to higher education and encouraged women to get higher education, which was especially relevant for many developing countries. The analysis of Russia, a country with gender equality in access to higher education, shows that the early career gender gap exists right after graduation, and the main explanatory factor is gender segregation by field of study and industry, in other words, the gender wage gap to a high extent is related to self-selection of women in low-paid fields of study. To address this, new policies related to gender inequality in choice of fields of studies are needed.Originality/valueIt has been frequently stated that gender inequality appears either due to inequality in access to higher education or after maternity leave. Using large nationally representative dataset on university graduates, we show that gender equality in education does not necessarily lead to gender equality in the labour market. Unlike many studies, we show that the gender gap in Russia appears not after maternity leave and due to marital decisions of women, but in the earliest stages of their career, right after graduation, due to horizontal segregation (selection of women in relatively low-paid fields of study and consequently industries).

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“…Many authors have suggested that women are willing to accept lower wages in exchange for job characteristics such as flexible work schedules or the ability to combine work with childcare (Fain 1998; see also Polachek 1981;Filer 1985). If this tendency is the case, much of what is labeled as occupational segregation is, in fact, women's voluntary choice.…”

Section: Labor Markets Firm Productivity and Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

Egyptian Women Workers and Entrepreneurs

2010

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The causes and consequences of occupational segregation: a simultaneous equations approach

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Human capital depreciation during hometime

Human capital depreciation during hometime

Early career gender wage gaps among university graduates in Russia

Egyptian Women Workers and Entrepreneurs

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