The Cause of the High Mortality in the Atlantic Salmon after Spawning

Belding, David L.

doi:10.1577/1548-8659(1934)64[219:tcothm]2.0.co;2

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…Death after spawning is a common feature of the life cycles of many salmoniform fishes, having also been noted in Lovettia sealii (Aplochitonidae) by Blackburn (1950), in Plecoglossus altivelis (Plecoglossidae) and Salangichthys microdon (Salangidae) by Okada (1960), in Hypomesus pretiosus (Osmeridae) by Loosanoff (1937), and in the anadromous forms of Salmo salar and all six species of Oncorhynchus (Salmonidae) by Belding (1934), Nikolsky (1961), and many others. This phenomenon is particularly well documented in the case of the anadromous Pacific salmons (Oncorhynchus spp.…”

Section: (D) Fate Of Spawnersmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), on the other hand, although some (mostly males) die, many are able to return to the sea, some of these spawning three or four times in their lifetime. Belding (1934) postulated that the generally more extensive migrations of the Pacific salmons when compared with the Atlantic salmon would account for the complete mortality of spawners in the former group. His finding that fewer than 10 % (a much lower figure than for European fish) of spent Atlantic salmon survived after spawning in the longer Canadian rivers also supported this theory.…”

Section: (D) Fate Of Spawnersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It would thus appear that death after spawning may involve more complex physiological changes than just loss of condition and exhaustion due to the stresses of migration as suggested by Belding (1934). Weisel (1943) observed degeneration of the testicular ducts and pycnosis of the spermatogonia and connective tissue (cyst forming) cells in the testes of 0. nerka, but found no such degenerative changes in Salmo gairdneri, a related salmonid species which spawns repeatedly.…”

Section: (D) Fate Of Spawnersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The biology of a landlocked form of the normally catadromous salmoniform fish Galaxias maculatus (Jenyns). I. Life cycle and origin

Pollard¹

1971

Mar. Freshwater Res.

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In contrast to most other members of the family Galaxiidae which live and reproduce in fresh water, Galaxias maculatus, the common jollytail of Australia and "whitebait" of New Zealand, is normaIly catadromous throughout its range (south-eastern Australia, New Zealand, and southern South America). In some athalassic inland lakes on the volcanic plains of south-western Victoria, however, a number of populations apparently descended from this species have becomelandlocked. The life cycle of the forminhabiting one of these lakes (the "landlocked jollytail" of Lake Modewarre) may be briefly summarized as follows: Gonadal maturation in the adult fish, which live in the slightly saline landlocked lake, begins around March and is almost completed by about June. The final stage of maturation is not reached, however, until these fish migrate short distances up intermittent inflowing creeks when the latter begin to flow in late winter and spring (July-October). Spawning takes place when the creeks are swollen after heavy rain, the eggs being deposited amongst flooded vegetation in shallow areas of slow-flowing water along the creek banks. Many of the spent fish die after spawning. The eggs, which are stranded when the flood-waters subside, develop amongst the vegetation on the banks above the normal water level. After development is complete reimmersion by the first flood to cover them stimulates hatching. The normal developmental period is probably about 2 weeks, but in the absence of flooding hatching can be delayed up to at least a month after fertilization. The newly hatched larvae are washed downstream into the lake where they feed and grow to maturity. They migrate upstream to spawn in the following late winter-early spring season at an age of approximately 1 year. The fish grow to about 9 cm in their first year, 14 cm in their second, and 17 cm in their third year. The average size of the females is greater than that of the males. The general features of the life history of this landlocked form are compared and contrasted with those of the stream-dwelling species G. maculatus and a number of other salmoniform fishes. The geological origin of the complex of lakes in south-western Victoria inhabited by landlocked galaxiid populations is discussed, and an hypothesis concerning the origin of the Lake Modewarre form from an ancestral population of G. maculatus in the Barwon-Leigh River system is advanced.

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Section: (D) Fate Of Spawnersmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: (D) Fate Of Spawnersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (D) Fate Of Spawnersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The biology of a landlocked form of the normally catadromous salmoniform fish Galaxias maculatus (Jenyns). I. Life cycle and origin

Pollard¹

1971

Mar. Freshwater Res.

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“…Kelts can potentially return as repeat spawners, and even though typically less than 11% return to breed again (Belding, 1934;Fleming, 1998), in some populations the return rate is high, and in some instances increasing (Dempson et al, 2004;Jonsson and Jonsson, 2004;Niemelä et al, 2006). Furthermore, the kelts that do return as repeat spawners might contribute more to the overall population fitness than their sheer numbers would indicate due to their increased size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of catch-and-release practices on behavior and mortality of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) kelts

et al. 2010

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“…mating in several consecutive seasons) than Atlatic salmon males, which undertake long migrations to the feeding grounds far off the coast and have an increased mortality rate after single spawning season (i.e. semelparity) (Belding 1934, Jones 1959, Mills 1989. Alternative male sexual maturation strategies are apparent both in salmon and brown trout, with adult, anadromous males which shed sperm simultaneously with precociously mature parr, a situation which results in sperm competition (Fig.…”

Section: Sperm Competition In Salmonidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ejaculate Allocation and Sperm Competition in Alternative Reproductive Tactics of Salmon and Trout: Implications for Aquaculture

Vladić¹

2011

Recent Advances in Fish Farms

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The Cause of the High Mortality in the Atlantic Salmon after Spawning

Cited by 24 publications

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The biology of a landlocked form of the normally catadromous salmoniform fish Galaxias maculatus (Jenyns). I. Life cycle and origin

The biology of a landlocked form of the normally catadromous salmoniform fish Galaxias maculatus (Jenyns). I. Life cycle and origin

Impact of catch-and-release practices on behavior and mortality of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) kelts

Ejaculate Allocation and Sperm Competition in Alternative Reproductive Tactics of Salmon and Trout: Implications for Aquaculture

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