The Cauliflower Mosaic Virus Virion-Associated Protein Is Dispensable for Viral Replication in Single Cells

Kobayashi, Kappei; Tsuge, Seiji; Stavolone, Livia; Höhn, Thomas

doi:10.1128/jvi.76.18.9457-9464.2002

Cited by 28 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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Section: Arabidopsis Cdkc;2 and Cyct1;5 Mutants Are Resistant To Camvmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…During the remaining period up to 27 DAI, the percentages of the mutant plants that developed disease symptoms gradually increased and could reach up to 100% at 4 weeks after inoculation ( Figure 1A). A similar delay in disease symptom development in the cdkc;2 mutants was observed when the plants were inoculated by particle bombardment of an infectious CaMV DNA clone with artificial long terminal repeats (pCa122) (Kobayashi et al, 2002) (Figure 1B).Accumulation of viral DNAs and RNAs was also examined in whole plants after inoculation by particle bombardment of pCa122. At 13 DAI, CaMV viral DNAs and RNAs were detected at high levels in wild-type plants but were undetected in the cdkc;2 mutants ( Figures 1C and 1D).…”

mentioning

confidence: 75%

“…CaMV was the first plant virus to be found to contain DNA instead of RNA as genetic material (Shepherd et al, 1968(Shepherd et al, , 1970 and has been studied extensively, particularly with regard to the roles of viral regulatory sequences and proteins involved in the transcription, replication, movement, and pathogenesis of the virus (Kiss-Laszlo and Hohn, 1996;Kobayashi et al, 2002;Stavolone et al, 2005). In addition, the CaMV 35S promoter has been explored extensively for the expression of heterologous genes in transgenic plants.…”

Section: Role Of Arabidopsis Cdkc Complexes In Camv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To inoculate plants by particle bombardment, gold particles (1 mm, 320 mg) were coated with 2 mg of pCa122 plasmid DNA (Kobayashi et al, 2002) and bombarded into Arabidopsis plants as described (Xu et al, 2006). Inoculation of Arabidopsis plants with TMV-cg or CaLCuV was performed as described (Turnage et al, 2002;Yu et al, 2003a).…”

Section: Virus Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Roles of Arabidopsis Cyclin-Dependent Kinase C Complexes in Cauliflower Mosaic Virus Infection, Plant Growth, and Development

et al. 2007

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The C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II is phosphorylated during the transcription cycle by three cyclindependent kinases (CDKs): CDK7, CDK8, and CDK9. CDK9 and its interacting cyclin T partners belong to the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) complexes, which phosphorylate the CTD to promote transcription elongation. We report that Arabidopsis thaliana CDK9-like proteins, CDKC;1 and CDKC;2, and their interacting cyclin T partners, CYCT1;4 and CYCT1;5, play important roles in infection with Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV). cdkc;2 and cyct1;5 knockout mutants are highly resistant and cdkc;2 cyct1;5 double mutants are extremely resistant to CaMV. The mutants respond normally to other types of plant viruses that do not replicate by reverse transcription. Expression of a reporter gene driven by the CaMV 35S promoter is markedly reduced in the cdkc;2 and cyct1;5 mutants, indicating that the kinase complexes are important for transcription from the viral promoter. Loss of function of CDKC;1/CDKC;2 or CYCT1;4/CYCT1;5 results in complete resistance to CaMV as well as altered leaf and flower growth, trichome development, and delayed flowering. These results establish Arabidopsis CDKC kinase complexes as important host targets of CaMV for transcriptional activation of viral genes and critical regulators of plant growth and development. INTRODUCTIONThe transcription of protein-coding genes in eukaryotes is performed by RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) and forms a so-called transcription cycle that includes preinitiation, initiation, promoter clearance, elongation, and termination (Sims et al., 2004). The transcription cycle starts with the assembly of the preinitiation complex at the promoter, which includes the general transcription factors TFIID, TFIIB, TFIIE, and TFIIH as well as RNAP II. Assembly of the preinitiation complex is followed by ATPdependent melting of the double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) template and formation of an open complex between RNAP II and the DNA template. Once the open complex is established, transcription initiation occurs and RNAP II is allowed to clear the promoter and engaged to make the transition from initiation to elongation. Transcription elongation is a dynamic and highly regulated process that coordinates downstream events such as capping and splicing of primary transcripts. The final step in the cycle is transcription termination. At this stage, the mRNA is cleaved, polyadenylated, and transported to the cytoplasm for translation.The transcription cycle involving RNAP II is accompanied by another cycling event: phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNAP II (Sims et al., 2004). The RNAP II CTD contains multiple repeats of the heptapeptide sequence YSPTSPS (26 such repeats in yeast, 32 in Caenorhabditis elegans, 45 in Drosophila, and 52 in mammals). RNAP II in the preinitiation complex is unphosphorylated or hypophosphorylated, whereas transcription-competent RNAP II is heavily phosphorylated on its CTD, with Ser-2 and Ser-5 as the major...

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Section: Arabidopsis Cdkc;2 and Cyct1;5 Mutants Are Resistant To Camvmentioning

confidence: 71%

mentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Role Of Arabidopsis Cdkc Complexes In Camv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Virus Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Roles of Arabidopsis Cyclin-Dependent Kinase C Complexes in Cauliflower Mosaic Virus Infection, Plant Growth, and Development

et al. 2007

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“…Both mechanisms could allow for the insertion of binary vector sequences into the CaMV genome, as well as deletions within gene II. The recircularized viral DNA would then be able to replicate episomally, and those viral DNAs with an intact gene III would also be able to infect the plant systemically (Jacquot et al, 1998;Kobayashi et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excision and Episomal Replication of Cauliflower mosaic virus Integrated into a Plant Genome

et al. 2011

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Transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants containing a monomeric copy of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) genome exhibited the generation of infectious, episomally replicating virus. The circular viral genome had been split within the nonessential gene II for integration into the Arabidopsis genome by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Transgenic plants were assessed for episomal infections at flowering, seed set, and/or senescence. The infections were confirmed by western blot for the CaMV P6 and P4 proteins, electron microscopy for the presence of icosahedral virions, and through polymerase chain reaction across the recombination junction. By the end of the test period, a majority of the transgenic Arabidopsis plants had developed episomal infections. The episomal form of the virus was infectious to nontransgenic plants, indicating that no essential functions were lost after release from the Arabidopsis chromosome. An analysis of the viral genomes recovered from either transgenic Arabidopsis or nontransgenic turnip (Brassica rapa var rapa) revealed that the viruses contained deletions within gene II, and in some cases, the deletions extended to the beginning of gene III. In addition, many of the progeny viruses contained small regions of nonviral sequence derived from the flanking transformation vector. The nature of the nucleotide sequences at the recombination junctions in the circular progeny virus indicated that most were generated by nonhomologous recombination during the excision event. The release of the CaMV viral genomes from an integrated copy was not dependent upon the application of environmental stresses but occurred with greater frequency with either age or the late stages of plant maturation.

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Caulimoviridae (Plant Pararetroviruses)

Geering

2014

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Family Caulimoviridae comprises seven genera of plant viruses whose members replicate by reverse transcription and whose virions contain double‐stranded deoxyribonucleic acid . In a recent survey of the international scientific community, Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), the type species of the family, was ranked sixth in the world in a list of the most scientifically or economically important plant viruses. This notoriety is due purely to the major conceptual advances that have been made in plant virology using CaMV as a model pathogen. However, several relatively lesser known viruses in the family, such as Rice tungro bacilliform virus and Cacao swollen shoot virus , are very serious constraints to crop production in tropical regions of the world. In this article, information on the taxonomy, replication cycle, vector transmission, epidemiology and disease management of this important group of plant viruses is summarised. Key Concepts: The Caulimoviridae is the only family of plant viruses with a double‐stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (dsDNA) genome, and in common with all viral retroelements, incorporates a reverse transcription step in the replication cycle. Cauliflower mosaic virus is the type species of the family, and has been a very important model plant virus for elucidating fundamental aspects of virus replication, cell‐to‐cell movement and aphid transmission. Members of the Caulimoviridae are most prominent in tropical regions, where they cause serious diseases such as rice tungro, cacao swollen shoot and banana streak disease. The most important component of a control programme for these viruses is to reduced inoculum levels by using clean planting material, avoiding overlapping crops, and removing diseased plants and alternative hosts of the virus. In some host species, infection can arise as a consequence of activation of viral DNA that is integrated in the nuclear genome of the plant.

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The Cauliflower Mosaic Virus Virion-Associated Protein Is Dispensable for Viral Replication in Single Cells

Abstract: Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) open reading frame III (ORF III)

Cited by 28 publications

References 34 publications

Roles of Arabidopsis Cyclin-Dependent Kinase C Complexes in Cauliflower Mosaic Virus Infection, Plant Growth, and Development

Roles of Arabidopsis Cyclin-Dependent Kinase C Complexes in Cauliflower Mosaic Virus Infection, Plant Growth, and Development

Excision and Episomal Replication of Cauliflower mosaic virus Integrated into a Plant Genome

Caulimoviridae (Plant Pararetroviruses)

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