The cathodic electrolytic plasma hardening of the 20Cr2Ni4A chromium-nickel steel

Rakhadilov, Bauyrzhan; Buranich, Vladimir; Satbayeva, Zarina; Sagdoldina, Zhuldyz; Kozhanova, Rauan; Pogrebnjak, A.D.

doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.05.020

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The PEH process was performed without reflow. Due to the short duration process, the surface roughness practically has not changed after PEH [15,23].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As such, plasma discharges are formed between the metal surface and the electrolyte and the cooling process is carried out in a flowing electrolyte. Earlier, we have developed the method of cathodic PEH, which allows increasing tribological properties of structural steels [14,15]. Its essence lies in the rapid and short-term concentrated heating of the working surface by plasma exposure and subsequent rapid cooling by heat removal from the depth of the sample by flowing electrolyte in contact with the treated surface [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its essence lies in the rapid and short-term concentrated heating of the working surface by plasma exposure and subsequent rapid cooling by heat removal from the depth of the sample by flowing electrolyte in contact with the treated surface [16]. In the literature [14][15][16] it was shown that after PEH phase, structural transformations occur in the surface layer and the wear resistance and hardness of chromium-nickel steels increase. It is known that the reason for the increase in mechanical properties after plasma hardening is the formation of a finely dispersed martensitic structure [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural-phase transformations in 0.34C–1CRr–1Ni–1Mo–Fe steel during plasma electrolytic hardening

Rakhadilov

Kozhanova²,

Попова

et al. 2020

Materials Science-Poland

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Structural-phase transformations in 0.34C–1Cr–1Ni–1Mo–Fe steel during plasma electrolytic hardening were investigated. Electrolytic-plasma hardening of steel samples was carried out by surface quenching with rapid concentrated heating of the surface by plasma action and subsequent rapid cooling by heat removal from the depth of the sample by electrolyte jet. Plasma electrolytic hardening was carried out in the cathode mode in an electrolyte made from an aqueous solution containing 20 % sodium carbonate and 10 % carbamide. To study the structural-phase states of the modified layer, we used the method of transmission diffraction electron microscopy on thin foils. The study of steel samples was carried out before and after the plasma electrolytic hardening. Initially, the steel was a mixture of pearlite and ferrite grains. Surface hardening of 0.34C–1Cr–1Ni–1Mo–Fe ferrite-pearlite steel led to a change in the structural-phase state and the formation of a packet-lamellar martensite structure. It was found that PEH leads to distortion of the crystal lattice and the formation of long-range internal stresses, as well as to the release of small particles of cementite and carbide of M23C6 type, uniformly distributed throughout the volume of the material. Surface hardening led to the increase in all quantitative parameters of the fine structure (ρ, ρ ±, χ, σL, σd).

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“…The PEH process was performed without reflow. Due to the short duration process, the surface roughness practically has not changed after PEH [15,23].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural-phase transformations in 0.34C–1CRr–1Ni–1Mo–Fe steel during plasma electrolytic hardening

Rakhadilov

Kozhanova²,

Попова

et al. 2020

Materials Science-Poland

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“…According to earlier studies [17][18][19], most ferrite-perlite steels after electrolytic-plasma treatment usually have high wear resistance, microhardness, corrosion resistance and strength characteristics. A correct understanding of the mechanisms of strengthening the surface layer of steel during the PEH allows us to infer the structure of the layer and anticipate the changes that may occur in it depending on the nature of alloying.…”

Section: Mechanical and Tribological Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Structural, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Plasma Electrolytic Hardened Chromium-Nickel Steel

et al. 2021

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This paper investigates how electrolytic plasma hardening (PEH) bears upon the changes in the phase structural and tribological properties of steel 0.34C-1Cr-1Ni-1Mo-Fe, which is widely used in manufacturing highly stressed gears. The samples of steel 0.34C-1Cr-1Ni-1Mo-Fe went through the PEH in an electrolyte containing an aqua solution of 20% calcined soda (Na2CO3) and 10% carbamide ((NH2)2CO). The initial steel 0.34C-1Cr-1Ni-1Mo-Fe is stated to have the following structural components: a lamellar pearlite with volume share of 35%, a ferrite-carbide mixture of ~45% and a fragmented ferrite of ~20%; after the PEH it contains lath-lamellar martensite, fine particles of cementite and M23C6 carbide. The durability of steel 0.34C-1Cr-1Ni-1Mo-Fe was found to rise by 3.4 times after the PEH and its microhardness increased in 2.6 times. The curve-tension of the crystal lattice was established to be like plastic (χ = χpl) and does not cause the formation of microcracks in the material.

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“…As a result, various technologies have been developed for modifying the surface of metals and alloys based on the plasma electrolytic method: oxidation [3], polishing [4], diffusion saturation with nitrogen [5], with carbon [6,7], with boron [8], multicomponent saturation [9,10] and surface hardening [11]. Plasma electrolytic hardening (surface hardening) is of particular interest among them [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of plasma electrolytic hardening modes on the structure and properties of 65G steel

Rakhadilov

Kozhanova

Baizhan

et al. 2021

Eurasian J. Phys. Funct. Mater.

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This work presented a study of the structure, hardness and wear resistance of 65G steel treated with electrolyte-plasma hardening under different conditions. The electrolyte-plasma hardening technology and a laboratory installation for the realisation of electrolyte-plasma hardening are also described. After electrolyte-plasma hardening, we have established that a modified layer consists of the a-phase (martensite) and M3C cementite. The study results showed that electrolyte-plasma hardening makes it possible to obtain layers on the 65G steel surface that provides an increase in microhardness by 2.6 times, wear resistance by two times, resistance to abrasive wear by 1.7 times compared to the original samples. In addition, local hardening ensures the achievement of technical and economic effects due to the absence of the need to isolate an unwanted site of parts, processing only the areas requiring hardening.

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The cathodic electrolytic plasma hardening of the 20Cr2Ni4A chromium-nickel steel

Cited by 15 publications

References 28 publications

Structural-phase transformations in 0.34C–1CRr–1Ni–1Mo–Fe steel during plasma electrolytic hardening

Structural-phase transformations in 0.34C–1CRr–1Ni–1Mo–Fe steel during plasma electrolytic hardening

Investigation of the Structural, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Plasma Electrolytic Hardened Chromium-Nickel Steel

Influence of plasma electrolytic hardening modes on the structure and properties of 65G steel

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