The Cat Mandible (I): Anatomical Basis to Avoid Iatrogenic Damage in Veterinary Clinical Practice

Lombardero, Matilde; Alonso-Peñarando, Diana; Yllera, María del Mar

doi:10.3390/ani11020405

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The anatomy of a cat's skull is very different from that of a dog. Although cats have a reduced number of teeth in both maxilla and mandible, the teeth along with their roots and the associated neurovascular supply, occupy over 70% of the mandibular body, which makes surgical procedures quite challenging (Lombardero et al, 2021). The morphometric studies of the skull and mandible are often used in taxonomy and sex determination (Szara et al, 2022;Gundemir et al, 2023).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Craniometric Analysis of a Cat and Clinical Significance in Performing Dental Nerve Blocks

Dučić,

Kovačević,

Tandir

et al. 2023

AAVS

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Dental nerve blocks represent an important segment of pain management during dental procedures in veterinary medicine due to their rapid onset of action, affordability and simple execution. Four different dental nerve blocks have been described in cats: infraorbital, maxillary, inferior alveolar (mandibular) and middle mental block. Considering the size of a cat's head and location of important anatomical structures, iatrogenic trauma can happen very easily while performing dental nerve blocks. This study aimed to investigate morphometric details of the skull and mandible nerve foramina as crucial structures for the precise administration of local anesthetics. The research included skulls and mandibles of 12 domestic shorthair cats. The morphometric analysis was performed on 20 parameters. Our study revealed smaller values (6.25 ± 0.31 mm) for the distance from the infraorbital canal to the root of premolar compared to Persian and Australian domestic cats. The present study provided a valuable information about the location of the cranial nerves on the skull and mandible of the domestic shorthair cats, which can be useful during dental procedures.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Craniometric Analysis of a Cat and Clinical Significance in Performing Dental Nerve Blocks

Dučić,

Kovačević,

Tandir

et al. 2023

AAVS

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“…Similarly to dogs (1), the cat's mandibular symphysis is described as a fibrocartilaginous joint, or synchondrosis, joining the rostral portion of right and left mandibles (2)(3)(4). It is reported to be associated with a relatively high degree of mobility and a radiographically appreciable radiolucent gap interposed between the symphyseal plates (5)(6)(7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal variation of clinical mobility of the mandibular symphysis in cats

Minei,

Auriemma,

Bonacini

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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IntroductionThe primary objective of this retrospective study was to document the normal variation of clinical mobility of the mandibular symphysis in cats and possible associations with bodyweight, age, sex, sexual status, breed and skull morphology. Secondarily, the radiographic appearance of the mandibular symphysis and possible associations with the analyzed data were evaluated.Materials and methodsTwo hundred and sixteen cats of 15 different breeds that underwent maxillofacial, oral and dental procedures from April 2015 to December 2021 were included. Clinical mobility was evaluated under general anesthesia using a 0 to 3 scale in lateromedial (LM) and dorsoventral (DV) directions. The symphysis was radiographically classified on the occlusal radiographic view of the rostral mandibles as fused or open, and with parallel or divergent margins.ResultsBodyweight ranged from 2.2 to 12.5 kg (median 4.0 kg), age from 4 months to 17 years and 4 months (median 6 years and 4 months). At the first evaluation DV symphyseal mobility was 0 in 177 cases (82%), 1 in 32 cases (14.8%) and 2 in 7 cases (3.2%), LM mobility was 0 in 61 cases (28.3%), 1 in 110 cases (50.9%) and 2 in 45 cases (20.8%). 81.1% of the radiographs were included in the statistical analysis. Three symphyses (1.6%) were classified as fused and 190 (98.4%) as open, 129 (68.8%) having divergent margins and 61 (31.6%) parallel. One hundred and forty-eight cases (76.7%) did not show the presence of odontoclastic replacement resorption on the canine teeth (TR subgroup 1), 23 (11.9%) showed stage ≤3 lesions (TR subgroup 2) and 22 (11.4%) stage 4 lesions (TR subgroup 3). Logistic regression models exploring factors that affected DV and LM mobility were statistically significant (p < 0.0001; p < 0.0001) with an increase in LM mobility predicting an increase in DV mobility, and vice versa. An increase in DV mobility was associated with an increase in age and in having resorptive lesions. A decrease in LM symphyseal mobility was associated with being brachycephalic.ConclusionThe great majority of cases showed some degree of LM symphyseal mobility, and 18% showed DV mobility. Symphyseal bony fusion is rare but possible.

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“…On the lateral surface of the ramus mandibulae the fossa masseterica is located, occupied by the musculus masseter. The fossa masseterica is a concavity on the lateral surface of the ramus mandibulae (Kabak, 2002; Lombardero et al, 2021). In carnivores, processus coronoideus is wider than in other species (Evans, 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape analysis of fossa masseterica and processus coronoideus in domestic cats (Felis catus) and domestic dogs (Canis familiaris)

Gündemir

2023

Anat Histol Embryol

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Fossa masseterica, to which the musculus masseter is attached, is the pit on the lateral surface of the ramus mandibulae. Processus coronoideus is a protrusion on the upper part of fossa masseterica. Carnivores have a more developed fossa masseterica and a wider processus coronoideus than other species, due to their well‐developed jaw muscles. However, there is limited information about the differences of these two structures among carnivorous species. In this study, it was investigated whether fossa masseterica and processus coronoideus differ in shape in domestic cats and domestic dogs. For this purpose, 22 dogs and 20 cats were examined by 3D geometric morphometry. Eighty‐one landmarks were used on the fossa masseterica and processus coronoideus. The difference in centroid sizes and shape for cats and dogs was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). PC1 explained 26.47% of the total variance. It was seen that cats and dogs were completely separated according to PC1 results. In cats with a high PC1 value, the processus coronoideus was narrower than in dogs. Also, feline processus coronoideus was more curved than domestic canine processus coronoideus. In addition, the caudal inclination of processus coronoideus was deeper in dogs than in cats. Dogs had a negative PC1 value except for one sample (German Shepherd). The sample with the lowest PC1 value was the French Bulldog (female, 7 years, and 13 kg). Discriminant analysis results showed that the domestic cats and domestic dogs used in the study were completely separated from each other, and this difference was statistically significant. The results of this study showed that dogs with stronger jaw muscles had a deeper fossa masseterica and a wider processus coronoideus than cats.

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The Cat Mandible (I): Anatomical Basis to Avoid Iatrogenic Damage in Veterinary Clinical Practice

Cited by 12 publications

References 38 publications

Craniometric Analysis of a Cat and Clinical Significance in Performing Dental Nerve Blocks

Craniometric Analysis of a Cat and Clinical Significance in Performing Dental Nerve Blocks

Normal variation of clinical mobility of the mandibular symphysis in cats

Shape analysis of fossa masseterica and processus coronoideus in domestic cats (Felis catus) and domestic dogs (Canis familiaris)

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