The case for high-pressure PEM water electrolysis

Hancke, Ragnhild; Holm, Thomas R.; Ulleberg, Øystein

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115642

Cited by 48 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Economic evaluation provides a good insight for the real application of the studies. ,, Table presents the capital and operating costs (CAPEX and OPEX) of the solar panels; PEM electrolyzer; and miscellaneous equipment including pumps, compressors, and piping. The prices are assumed based on the approximate current market price.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The activation overpotential is the voltage losses due to the kinetics at the anode and cathode electrodes. The anodic overpotential dominates the activation overpotential because the evolution of oxygen requires a large amount of overpotential to split water, and it leads to a small value of the exchange current density at the anode side versus the cathode side. , The exchange current density, j 0 , is obtained from the activation energy, E A , and the stack temperature, T stack , which is assumed to be equal to the operating temperature T where j 0,ref is the reference exchange current density and T ref is the reference temperature. The membrane conductivity, κ, is obtained by the following relation where λ m is the degree of the membrane humidification, which can be expressed as the following equation …”

Section: Methodology and Mathematical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The work consumption by the compressors is given by the following relation, which is derived from refs and where γ is the specific heat ratio and and are the isobaric specific heat capacities of hydrogen and oxygen, respectively. T 0 is the ambient temperature and and are the compression ratios of hydrogen and oxygen, respectively.…”

Section: Methodology and Mathematical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be noted that the new generation of electrolyzers is able to compress oxygen and hydrogen directly. 36 N J F . /(2 )…”

Section: Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (Pem) Electrolysis Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogen Generation from the Wastewater of Power Plants via an Integrated Photovoltaic and Electrolyzer System: A Pilot-Scale Study

Fakourian

Alizadeh

2023

Energy Fuels

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This study presents the first work that investigates a preliminary design generating hydrogen from the wastewater of coal utility boilers via an integrated photovoltaic (PV)−electrolysis system. Connecting solar panels, which generates electricity, to an electrolyzer to split water molecules to hydrogen and oxygen is an attractive method to generate hydrogen. A numerical model is developed for the integrated PV solar panels and polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolyzer. Parallel solar panels and series PEM electrolyzer cells are considered in the present work to reach the optimum arrangement. The essential losses including the activation and ohmic overpotentials and the required energy for rotary equipment (compressors and pumps) are considered in the model. The effect of the working temperature, solar irradiation, and charge transfer coefficient on the efficiency of the system is investigated. The calculated efficiency of the PEM electrolyzer and PV solar panels is in the range of 60−62.5% and 18−20%, respectively. The efficiency of the integrated PV electrolyzer increases as solar irradiation increases. Of particular interest is the potential application of the present design in Texas, which generates 1.43 × 10 4 Nm 3 /year of green hydrogen for $4.67/kg H 2 by only scaling up by 11. This model provides valuable insights for the large-scale hydrogen generation from power plants' wastewater via the coupled solar energy and electrolysis system.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodology and Mathematical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodology and Mathematical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be noted that the new generation of electrolyzers is able to compress oxygen and hydrogen directly. 36 N J F . /(2 )…”

Section: Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (Pem) Electrolysis Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Hydrogen Generation from the Wastewater of Power Plants via an Integrated Photovoltaic and Electrolyzer System: A Pilot-Scale Study

Fakourian

Alizadeh

2023

Energy Fuels

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…After splitting the deionized water into oxygen and hydrogen, the hydrogen is either fed to a Reverse Water Gas Shift (rWGS) unit or stored in a hydrogen tank. Typically, PEM electrolyzers operate at high pressure, with a hydrogen outlet pressure of around 30 bars 39 . This highpressure hydrogen can be directly fed into the rWGS reactor without further compression.…”

Section: Process Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting Electricity Market Dynamics using Flexible Electrolysis Units for Retrofitting Methanol Synthesis

Rebarchik

Bhandari

et al. 2023

Preprint

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We investigate the economic viability of integrating flexible electrolysis units to produce hydrogen in methanol synthesis processes. Specifically, we investigate whether this approach can help reduce methanol production costs by strategically exploiting dynamics of electricity markets. Our study integrates high-fidelity process simulations, optimization tools, and microkinetic modeling (informed by density functional theory) to conduct detailed techno-economic analyses and to compare performance against traditional processes that use hydrogen produced via steam-methane reforming (SMR). We also use this approach to estimate the levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) as a function of time-varying electricity prices (from day-ahead and real-time prices) and of key techno-economic parameters. Our results show that the proposed electrification framework is cost-competitive under certain electricity market conditions. Specifically, we find that, when the electrolysis system is operated in flexible mode (and can respond to dynamics of electricity markets), the associated electricity cost nearly collapses to zero. Conversely, when the unit is not flexible (and cannot respond to markets), the electricity cost comprises 60% of the total cost. Our results also reveal that the LCOH of the flexible electrolysis system participating in real-time electricity markets is 31% lower than the LCOH obtained from SMR. Overall, this indicates that exploiting the dynamics of electricity markets can make hydrogen production cost-competitive and this can lead to viable alternatives to electrify methanol production and other hydrogen-based processes.

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Pathways towards Achieving High Current Density Water Electrolysis: from Material Perspective to System Configuration

et al. 2023

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Hydrogen is a clean, flexible, powerful energy vector that can be leveraged as a promising alternative to fossil fuels. Additionally, green hydrogen production has been recognized as one of the most prevalent solutions to decarbonize the energy system. Water electrolysis studies have increased throughout the decade as higher industrial interest comes into play. The catalyst, system design, and configuration act in a congenial manner to deliver high‐performing water electrolysis. Despite performance targets peaking at high current densities, the current status of water electrolyzer technologies would require more research efforts to achieve such goals. This work presents a comprehensive review of how catalysts and electrolyzer designs can be enhanced to attain high current density water electrolysis. Modification strategies of catalysts, advances in characterization and modelling, and optimizing system designs are highlighted. Furthermore, this paper aims to elucidate the future research direction of water electrolysis to bridge the laboratory‐to‐industry gap.

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The case for high-pressure PEM water electrolysis

Cited by 48 publications

References 47 publications

Hydrogen Generation from the Wastewater of Power Plants via an Integrated Photovoltaic and Electrolyzer System: A Pilot-Scale Study

Hydrogen Generation from the Wastewater of Power Plants via an Integrated Photovoltaic and Electrolyzer System: A Pilot-Scale Study

Exploiting Electricity Market Dynamics using Flexible Electrolysis Units for Retrofitting Methanol Synthesis

Pathways towards Achieving High Current Density Water Electrolysis: from Material Perspective to System Configuration

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