The Carrier Effect and T Cell/B Cell Cooperation in the Antibody Response

Parker, David C.

doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1301692

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…The concept of linked recognition in T cell-dependent generation of Ab responses is well established and is the basis of many effective conjugate vaccines (9,11,12,62). In the current study, we adopted this basic principle by using covalently linked BCG Th epitopes in fusion protein immunogens to enhance vaccination for stimulation of Ab responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the induction of such Abs is dependent on the binding of specific Ags by BCRs, an important step that facilitates efficient internalization of the immunogen into MHC class II (MHCII) compartments for generation of peptides and their loading onto MHCII molecules for presentation to Th (7,8). This cognate interaction between B and Th cells is known as linked recognition, a concept derived from studies with haptencarrier fusion proteins in which the production of anti-hapten Abs from B cells with BCRs that initially recognize the poorly immunogenic hapten is driven by help from T cells that are specific for the carrier protein to which it is linked (9). Fusion protein vaccines based on this principle are often used to promote Ab responses to polysaccharides, as in the case with infant immunization against bacterial pathogens containing carbohydrate capsules (10,11), or other molecules that fail to elicit effective Abs because of suboptimal Th responses (12,13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploiting Pre-Existing CD4+ T Cell Help from Bacille Calmette–Guérin Vaccination to Improve Antiviral Antibody Responses

Wirchnianski

Wec

et al. 2020

The Journal of Immunology

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The continuing emergence of viral pathogens and their rapid spread into heavily populated areas around the world underscore the urgency for development of highly effective vaccines to generate protective antiviral Ab responses. Many established and newly emerging viral pathogens, including HIV and Ebola viruses, are most prevalent in regions of the world in which Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection remains endemic and vaccination at birth with M. bovis bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) is widely used. We have investigated the potential for using CD4+ T cells arising in response to BCG as a source of help for driving Ab responses against viral vaccines. To test this approach, we designed vaccines comprised of protein immunogens fused to an immunodominant CD4+ T cell epitope of the secreted Ag 85B protein of BCG. Proof-of-concept experiments showed that the presence of BCG-specific Th cells in previously BCG-vaccinated mice had a dose-sparing effect for subsequent vaccination with fusion proteins containing the Ag 85B epitope and consistently induced isotype switching to the IgG2c subclass. Studies using an Ebola virus glycoprotein fused to the Ag 85B epitope showed that prior BCG vaccination promoted high-affinity IgG1 responses that neutralized viral infection. The design of fusion protein vaccines with the ability to recruit BCG-specific CD4+ Th cells may be a useful and broadly applicable approach to generating improved vaccines against a range of established and newly emergent viral pathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting Pre-Existing CD4+ T Cell Help from Bacille Calmette–Guérin Vaccination to Improve Antiviral Antibody Responses

Wirchnianski

Wec

et al. 2020

The Journal of Immunology

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“…Active immunization with hapten-carriers enabled production of hapten specific antibodies due to appropriate communication between T cells and B cells [23]. These observations supported production of chemically conjugated polysaccharide vaccines that switch T cell-independent antigen presentation of polysaccharide moieties to T cell-dependent antigens for use in licensed vaccines for predominately young children against Neisseria meningitides , Haemophilus influenza type b and Streptococcus pneumoniae [24].…”

Section: Particulate Antigensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle-based platforms for malaria vaccines

Narum

Fleury³

et al. 2015

Vaccine

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Recombinant subunit vaccines in general are poor immunogens likely due to the small size of peptides and proteins, combined with the lack or reduced presentation of repetitive motifs and missing complementary signal(s) for optimal triggering of the immune response. Therefore, recombinant subunit vaccines require enhancement by vaccine delivery vehicles in order to attain adequate protective immunity. Particle-based delivery platforms, including particulate antigens and particulate adjuvants, are promising delivery vehicles for modifying the way in which immunogens are presented to both the innate and adaptive immune systems. These particle delivery platforms can also co-deliver non-specific immunostimodulators as additional adjuvants. This paper reviews efforts and advances of the Particle-based delivery platforms in development of vaccines against malaria, a disease that claims over 600,000 lives per year, most of them are children under 5 years of age in sub-Sahara Africa.

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“…Although chitin is a polysaccharide, immunisation with CMPs led to the formation of the anti-CMP IgG, which was consistent with the results of a previous study. 53 It has been found that chitin particles isolated from Aspergillus fumigatus could be opsonised by IgG and phagocyted and then induced anti-inflammatory responses through IL-1Ra production. 54 Therefore, the chitin-binding antibody could reduce the inflammation in the inoculation site.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the long‐term and short‐term protection in mouse model of Leishmania major infection following vaccination with Live Iranian Lizard Leishmania mixed with chitin microparticles

Noroozbeygi,

Keshavarzian,

Haji Molla Hoseini

et al. 2023

Parasite Immunology

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Inducing long‐term immunity is the primary goal of vaccination. Leishmanisation using non‐pathogenic to human Leishmania spp. could be considered a reliable approach to immunising subjects against Leishmania infection. Here, we evaluated the long‐term immune responses (14 weeks) after immunisation with either live‐ or killed‐Iranian Lizard Leishmania (ILL) mixed with chitin microparticles (CMPs) against L. major infection in BALB/c mice. In total, nine groups of mice were included in the study. To evaluate short‐term immunity, mice were immunised with live‐ILL and CMPs and 3 weeks later were challenged with L. majorEGFP. To evaluate the long‐term immunity, mice were immunised with either live‐ or killed‐ILL both mixed with CMPs, and 14 weeks after immunisation, mice were challenged with L. majorEGFP. A group of healthy mice who received no injection was also included in the study. Eight weeks after the challenge with L. majorEGFP, all subjects were sacrificed and the parasite burden (quantitative real‐time PCR and in vivo imaging), cytokines levels (IFN‐γ, IL‐4 and IL‐10), Leishmania‐specific antibody concentration, and total levels of IgG1 and IgG2a were measured. In addition, nitric oxide concentration and arginase activity were evaluated. Results showed that in mice that were immunised using live‐ILL+CMP, the induced protective immune response lasted at least 14 weeks; since they were challenged with L. majorEGFP at the 14th‐week post‐immunisation, no open lesion was formed during the 8‐week follow‐up, and the footpad swelling was significantly lower than controls. They also showed a significant reduction in the parasite burden in splenocytes, compared to the control groups including the group that received killed‐ILL+CMP. The observed protection was associated with a higher IFN‐γ and a lower IL‐10 production by splenocytes. Additionally, the results demonstrated that arginase activity was decreased in the ILL+CMP group compared to other groups. Immunisation with ILL alone reduced the parasite burden compared to non‐immunised control; however, it was still significantly higher than the parasite burden in the ILL+CMP groups. In conclusion, the long‐term immune response against L. major infection induced by Live‐ILL+CMP was more competent than the response elicited by killed‐ILL+CMP to protect mice against infection with L. majorEGFP.

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The Carrier Effect and T Cell/B Cell Cooperation in the Antibody Response

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Exploiting Pre-Existing CD4+ T Cell Help from Bacille Calmette–Guérin Vaccination to Improve Antiviral Antibody Responses

Exploiting Pre-Existing CD4+ T Cell Help from Bacille Calmette–Guérin Vaccination to Improve Antiviral Antibody Responses

Particle-based platforms for malaria vaccines

Comparison of the long‐term and short‐term protection in mouse model of Leishmania major infection following vaccination with Live Iranian Lizard Leishmania mixed with chitin microparticles

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