The Carnian pluvial episode (Late Triassic): new insights into this important time of global environmental and biological change

Corso, Jacopo Dal; Ruffell, Alastair; Preto, Nereo

doi:10.1144/jgs2018-185

Cited by 22 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…2 ). Rock-Eval pyrolysis indicates that OM from the CIE-I to CIE-IV interval in the Jiyuan Basin varies from low maturity to mature with respect to oil generation ( SI Appendix , Tables S4 and S5 ), but diagenetic processes are unlikely to have produced large changes in the δ 13 C org signature because these occur in late diagenetic to metamorphic stages ( 9 , 33 ). The CIEs are also unlikely to have resulted from proportional changes in terrestrial versus algal organic C sources, which can be isotopically distinct from one another ( 34 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcanically driven lacustrine ecosystem changes during the Carnian Pluvial Episode (Late Triassic)

Zhang

Corso

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The Late Triassic Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE) saw a dramatic increase in global humidity and temperature that has been linked to the large-scale volcanism of the Wrangellia large igneous province. The climatic changes coincide with a major biological turnover on land that included the ascent of the dinosaurs and the origin of modern conifers. However, linking the disparate cause and effects of the CPE has yet to be achieved because of the lack of a detailed terrestrial record of these events. Here, we present a multidisciplinary record of volcanism and environmental change from an expanded Carnian lake succession of the Jiyuan Basin, North China. New U–Pb zircon dating, high-resolution chemostratigraphy, and palynological and sedimentological data reveal that terrestrial conditions in the region were in remarkable lockstep with the large-scale volcanism. Using the sedimentary mercury record as a proxy for eruptions reveals four discrete episodes during the CPE interval (ca. 234.0 to 232.4 Ma). Each eruptive phase correlated with large, negative C isotope excursions and major climatic changes to more humid conditions (marked by increased importance of hygrophytic plants), lake expansion, and eutrophication. Our results show that large igneous province eruptions can occur in multiple, discrete pulses, rather than showing a simple acme-and-decline history, and demonstrate their powerful ability to alter the global C cycle, cause climate change, and drive macroevolution, at least in the Triassic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcanically driven lacustrine ecosystem changes during the Carnian Pluvial Episode (Late Triassic)

Zhang

Corso

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…2018; Dal Corso et al . 2018). Testing this hypothesis has been difficult due to the lack of detailed palaeoclimatic data for this event, particularly in regions where there are substantial dinosaur occurrences (Mancuso et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic drivers of latitudinal variation in Late Triassic tetrapod diversity

et al. 2020

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The latitudinal biodiversity gradient (LBG), the increase in biodiversity from the poles to the equator, is one of the most widely recognized global macroecological patterns, yet its deep time evolution and drivers remain uncertain. The Late Triassic (237–201 Ma), a critical interval for the early evolution and radiation of modern tetrapod groups (e.g. crocodylomorphs, dinosaurs, mammaliamorphs), offers a unique opportunity to explore the palaeolatitudinal patterns of tetrapod diversity since it is extensively sampled spatially when compared with other pre‐Cenozoic intervals, particularly at lower palaeolatitudes. Here, we explore palaeolatitudinal patterns of Late Triassic tetrapod diversity by applying sampling standardization to comprehensive occurrence data from the Paleobiology Database (PBDB). We then use palaeoclimatic model simulations to explore the palaeoclimatic ranges occupied by major tetrapod groups, allowing insight into the influence of palaeoclimate on the palaeolatitudinal distribution of these groups. Our results show that Late Triassic tetrapods generally do not conform to a modern‐type LBG; instead, sampling‐standardized species richness is highest at mid‐palaeolatitudes. In contrast, the richness of pseudosuchians (crocodylians and their relatives) is highest at the palaeoequator, a pattern that is retained throughout their subsequent evolutionary history. Pseudosuchians generally occupied a more restricted range of palaeoclimatic conditions than other tetrapod groups, a condition analogous to modern day reptilian ectotherms, while avemetatarsalians (the archosaur group containing dinosaurs and pterosaurs) exhibit comparatively wider ranges, which is more similar to modern endotherms, such as birds and mammals, suggesting important implications for the evolution of thermal physiology in dinosaurs.

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“…The dry Middle and Upper Triassic climate was interrupted by a middle Carnian global phase of increased humidity in the western Tethys and hence in Europe. This episode is characterised by a worldwide decrease of platform inhabitants and reef demise known as the Carnian Pluvial/Humid Episode (CPE 19 , 20 , 41 – 43 ). The episode was a longer and multi-phased process rather than a single event 44 .…”

Section: The Polzberg Konservat-lagerstätte Linked To the Carnian Pluvial Episodementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rich ichthyofauna and lack of reptile remains point to probable bromalite producers among predatory fishes. There is evidence that Palaeozoic and Mesozoic shelled cephalopods were preyed upon by sharks and actinopterygian fishes 41 , 43 – 45 . Krystyn 2 and Lukeneder et al 5 noted the occurrence of the cartilaginous fish Acrodus along with the actinopterygiid predators Elpistoichthys , Gigantopterus , Saurichthys, Thoracopterus, Habroichthys , Nannolepis and Peltopleurus .…”

Section: The Palaeoenvironment Of the Carnian Polzberg Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Upper Triassic Polzberg palaeobiota from a marine Konservat-Lagerstätte deposited during the Carnian Pluvial Episode in Austria

Lukeneder

2021

Sci Rep

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A rich assemblage of various marine taxa from the lower Carnian Polzberg Konservat-Lagerstätte near Lunz am See (Northern Calcareous Alps, Lower Austria) is described for the first time in detail. The fossiliferous layers were deposited during the Julian 2 Ib (Austrotrachyceras austriacum Zone, Austrotrachyceras minor biohorizon). The fine-laminated Reingraben Shales comprise abundant and well-preserved members of the marine Carnian food chain. Invertebrates with the bivalve Halobia, the ammonite Austrotrachyceras and the coleoid Phragmoteuthis dominate over vertebrate actinopterygian fishes. Fragile groups such as polychaetes and isopods are entirely preserved as soft body fossils. The diverse assemblage comprises ammonites (Austrotrachyceras, Carnites, Sageceras, Simonyceras), coleoids (Phragmoteuthis, Lunzoteuthis), bivalves (Halobia), gastropods (caenogastropods/heterobranchs), one echinoid, thylacocephalan arthropods (Austriocaris), crustaceans (the decapod Platychela and isopods such as Obtusotelson, Discosalaputium), polychaetes (Palaeoaphrodite sp., eunicid polychaete), acytinopterygians (Saurichthys, Polzbergia, Peltopleurus, Habroichthys), cartilaginous fishes (Acrodus), coelacanth fish (“Coelacanthus”), a lungfish (Tellerodus), and a conodont cluster (Mosherella). Regurgitalites produced by large durophagous fish and coprolites produced by piscivorous actinopterygians accompany the Polzberg palaeobiota along with rare plant remains (Voltzia). The entire fauna of Polzberg and the excellent preservation of the specimens present a window into the Upper Triassic assemblage and palaeoenvironment during the so-called Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE) in the early Mesozoic. The occurrence of the freshwater lungfish Tellerodus and the branchiopod Eustheria, a member of brackish to freshwater environments, points to the influence of occasional freshwater pulses or sediment transport events on the marine environment. The Polzberg palaeobiota was deposited during the global CPE, triggering the environmental conditions of the Polzberg Basin and resulting in the formation of the Reingraben Shales with the Polzberg Konservat-Lagerstätte.

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The Carnian pluvial episode (Late Triassic): new insights into this important time of global environmental and biological change

Cited by 22 publications

References 21 publications

Volcanically driven lacustrine ecosystem changes during the Carnian Pluvial Episode (Late Triassic)

Volcanically driven lacustrine ecosystem changes during the Carnian Pluvial Episode (Late Triassic)

Climatic drivers of latitudinal variation in Late Triassic tetrapod diversity

The Upper Triassic Polzberg palaeobiota from a marine Konservat-Lagerstätte deposited during the Carnian Pluvial Episode in Austria

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