The Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) instrument: its reproducibility in clinical studies

Souza, Ana Luiza de Figueiredo; Bronkhorst, Ewald M.; Creugers, N.H.J.; Leal, Soraya Coelho; Frencken, Jo E.

doi:10.1111/idj.12104

Cited by 30 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, its use during a survey should be less costly and time-consuming compared to the use of ICDAS, however, such advantages need to be proven in further studies. So far, the reproducibility of CAST in clinical studies was assessed to be from substantial to almost perfect depending on the age of participants [10]. Our study, presenting good intra-examiner reliability in both sets of dentition, proved that CAST could be used in epidemiological studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Dental caries in primary and permanent molars in 7-8-year-old schoolchildren evaluated with Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) index

et al. 2014

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BackgroundNo reports on a caries pattern covering the full spectrum of the disease could be found in the literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate caries in primary and first permanent molars of 7-8-year-old Polish children by the Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) index and to find whether there was any correlation between the caries stages in such teeth.MethodsThe study covered 284 7-8-year-old children from randomly selected schools in the Bialystok District, Poland. The prevalence of CAST categories was evaluated with regard to the first and second primary, and first permanent, molars. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to explore the correlation of the distribution of CAST codes among the evaluated teeth. The level of statistical significance was established at p < 0.05. The intra-examiner reliability was determined by the unweighted kappa coefficient.ResultsWith regard to the permanent molars, caries was observed in 14.8% to 17.3% of the molar and most lesions were scored at the non-cavitation level. Caries in primary molars was most often recorded at the stage of cavitated dentine lesion. Teeth with pulpal involvement, sepsis and extracted due to caries were found to be more prevalent in first, and then in second primary molars. A strong correlation was found between the status of teeth from the right and left sides of the oral cavity. The correlation of the status of first and second primary teeth was stronger for the left than for the right side of the mouth, r was 0.627 and 0.472 in maxilla and 0.513 and 0.483 in mandible (p < 0.001), respectively. For the neighbouring primary and permanent molars the correlation was assessed to be weak. With regard to the teeth situated in opposite jaws the study revealed that the correlations were moderate - r between 0.33 and 0.49. The intra-examiner reliability was established at 0.96 for the primary dentition and at 0.878 for permanent molars.ConclusionThe strongest correlation found in the evaluated population concerned the distribution of caries in primary molars on the left side of the mouth. The study proved the usefulness of the CAST index in epidemiological surveys.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Dental caries in primary and permanent molars in 7-8-year-old schoolchildren evaluated with Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) index

et al. 2014

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“…The CAST instrument was developed and tested following these principles [de Souza et al, 2012[de Souza et al, , 2014a. CAST follows a hierarchical order in which a less severe condition precedes a severer one ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: The Importance Of Epidemiological Surveys For Oral Health Carementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The instrument has been validated for face, content, and construct [de Souza et al, 2012[de Souza et al, , 2014c. Its reproducibility in clinical studies has been tested in child and adult populations [de Souza et al, 2014a]. CAST is considered a reliable instrument to be used in epidemiological surveys [de Souza et al, 2014a;Baginska et al, 2016].…”

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Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST): A Novel Epidemiological Instrument

Leal

Ribeiro²,

Frencken³

2017

Caries Res

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Caries detection is fundamental to understanding the oral health status of a population and is the basis for caries diagnosis for individual patients. Although different caries detection/diagnosis criteria are available, none of them include the total spectrum of dental caries (which ranges from a sound tooth to a tooth lost due to caries) other than the Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) instrument. The CAST codes and descriptions were submitted to experienced epidemiologists from across the world for obtaining face and content validity. Its construct validity and reproducibility under field conditions were tested in child and adult populations, and showed a high level of agreement between examiners. Compared to what is usually reported in the literature, CAST provides more relevant information on caries prevalence, experience, and severity. CAST is straightforward and easy to use. A manual with valuable information about how to apply CAST and report its results has been published in order to facilitate communication among researchers, oral health planners, and medical professionals. Feedback from researchers indicates that CAST is considered an asset and that reporting results after using CAST is uncomplicated. More research about the effects of CAST in different cultures and age groups is required.

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“…Since the 1980s, several authors have proposed different methods to assess caries lesions, such as the NYVAD System [4], the Significant Caries Index (SIC) [5], the Sound-Equivalent Teeth (T-Health) [6], the Filled and Sound Teeth (FS-T) [6], the Reversible Dental Caries Index (IRCD; Índice Reversível de Cárie Dental ), the Caries Activity Index (IAC; Índice de Atividade de Cárie ) [7], and many others [8–10]. Among the new methods used to assess caries in a population is the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) [11] and the Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) [12], which have both been internationally validated by several studies [13–15]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The knowledge and use of population-based methods for caries detection

2018

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BackgroundSince the 1980s, a wide variety of methods have been proposed to measure dental caries in the population, demonstrating a lack of consensus regarding the procedure that should be used for this purpose. The current study investigated the methods that are known and used by public oral health researchers and professors as well as the reasons that lead to the choice of a particular method.MethodIn the context of an interview, a questionnaire was administered to public oral health researchers and professors who used caries indices and worked in Salvador and Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil from 2005 to 2015. A quantitative and descriptive approach was applied that adopted the multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) technique to assess the associations among responses.ResultsThe decayed, missing, and filled index (DMF) was the only measurement known by all respondents, and although 45 of the 47 professors/researchers were dissatisfied with this index, only six had used other methods. This index was chosen because of its comparability and ease of application. The MCA revealed response associations among older, male participants who graduated from the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) and who continued to use this index because of its comparability and because it is the index recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MS). Another group was also observed that consisted of younger females who graduated from the State University of Feira de Santana (UEFS) or another university and who used the DMF because it is well-known, simple, and easy to apply.ConclusionsThe DMF index was the most known and used method. Many respondents demonstrated a desire for change and were critical of the DMF; however, they did not know of and had not used newer methods for measuring dental caries. Greater importance should be placed on the problem of dental caries assessment in the population.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12903-018-0612-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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The Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) instrument: its reproducibility in clinical studies

Cited by 30 publications

References 24 publications

Dental caries in primary and permanent molars in 7-8-year-old schoolchildren evaluated with Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) index

Dental caries in primary and permanent molars in 7-8-year-old schoolchildren evaluated with Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) index

Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST): A Novel Epidemiological Instrument

The knowledge and use of population-based methods for caries detection

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