The caregiving context in institution‐reared and family‐reared infants and toddlers in Romania

Smyke, Anna T.; Koga, Sebastian F.; Johnson, Dana E.; Fox, Nathan A.; Marshall, Peter; Nelson, Charles A.; Zeanah, Charles H.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01694.x

Cited by 270 publications

(257 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…As supported by mounting evidence, it may well be the case that variations in the quality of caregiving are at the root of developmental risks among institutionalized children (see, for instance, [33]). Nevertheless, the possibility should not be ruled out that caregivers' more intrusive style may reflect their lack of preparation to deal with children who putatively are less able to signal their needs and interests, in a very stressful environment which characterizes most institutions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is because prior research on institutional care highlights the significance of the quality of caregivers' interactive behavior with the child. Consider in this regard Smyke and collaborators' [33] evidence that poorer-quality caregiving was related to more negative behavior among 5-to 31-month olds residing in institutions, even after taking into account child gender and length of institutionalization. Consider, too, Oliveira and colleagues' [34] work showing that institutionalized preschoolers who experience more sensitive caregiving evinced less indiscriminate social behavior than their counterparts who experienced poorer-quality care.…”

Section: Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serotonin transporter polymorphism moderates the effects of caregiver intrusiveness on ADHD symptoms among institutionalized preschoolers

Baptista

Belsky

Mesquita

et al. 2016

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonin transporter polymorphism moderates the effects of caregiver intrusiveness on ADHD symptoms among institutionalized preschoolers

Baptista

Belsky

Mesquita

et al. 2016

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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“…The ORCE showed excellent internal and interrater reliability (Cronbach' s a of 0.86 and 0.88-0.99, respectively). 24 Baseline caregiving was analyzed separately to examine whether the very early experiences contributed independently to indiscriminate social behaviors that persisted. A caregiving quality composite score, the mean of the caregiving quality score at 30 and 42 months, reflected subsequent caregiving quality.…”

Section: Caregiving Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Indiscriminate Behaviors in Previously Institutionalized Young Children

et al. 2014

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Children who have experienced early psychosocial deprivation are at high risk of persistent, socially indiscriminate behaviors. These behaviors may decline slowly with high-quality caregiving but generally are associated with ongoing impairment. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:This study suggests that placement in foster care reduces indiscriminate behaviors to an intermediate level between those in institutional care and community control subjects. It also demonstrates the importance of disorganized early attachment in predicting later indiscriminate behaviors. abstract OBJECTIVE: This study included 54-month-old children with a history of institutional care. Our goal was to: (1) examine differences in indiscriminate social behaviors in children with a history of institutional care compared with home-reared children; (2) test whether foster care reduces indiscriminate social behaviors in a randomized controlled trial; and (3) examine early predictors of indiscriminate behaviors. METHODS:Participants were 58 children with a history of institutional care and 31 never-institutionalized control (NIG) subjects enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of foster care for institutional care, assessed from toddlerhood to 54 months. Indiscriminate social behaviors were measured naturalistically by using the Stranger at the Door procedure. RESULTS:In the Stranger at the Door procedure, children with a history of institutional care left with a stranger at higher rates than NIG subjects (33% vs 3.5%; P , .001). Children in the care as usual group left more than NIG subjects (41.9% vs 3.6%; P # .001). The differences between the foster care group (24.1%) and the care as usual group and between foster care group and NIG were not significant. In a logistic regression, early disorganized attachment behaviors, baseline developmental quotient, and caregiving quality after randomization contributed to variance at 54 months. In the same analysis using only children with a history of institutional care, only disorganized attachment contributed significantly to 54-month indiscriminate social behaviors (Exp[B] = 1.6 [95% confidence interval: 1.1-2.5]).CONCLUSIONS: Observed socially indiscriminate behaviors at 54 months were associated with prolonged exposure to institutional care. Young children raised in conditions of deprivation who fail to develop organized attachments as toddlers are at increased risk for subsequent indiscriminate behaviors. Pediatrics 2014;133:e657-e665 AUTHORS:

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“…They tend to be undernourished, receive poor medical care, receive little attention, and lack quality interactions. 10 Maternal alcohol abuse has been identified as a main reason for leaving a child in an orphanage. 11 Thus, the risk of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) in this population is likely to be high.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in Child Care Settings: A Meta-analysis

et al. 2013

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BACKGROUND: Children often enter a child-care system (eg, orphanage, foster care, child welfare system) because of unfavorable circumstances (eg, maternal alcohol and/or drug problems, child abuse/neglect). Such circumstances increase the odds of prenatal alcohol exposure, and thus this population can be regarded as high risk for fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). The primary objective was to estimate a pooled prevalence for fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and FASD in various child-care systems based on data from existing studies that used an active case ascertainment method. METHODS:A systematic literature review, using multiple electronic bibliographic databases, and meta-analysis of internationally published and unpublished studies that reported the prevalence of FAS and/or FASD in all types of child-care systems were conducted. The pooled prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by using the Mantel-Haenszel method, assuming a random effects model. Sensitivity analyses were performed for studies that used either passive surveillance or mixed methods. RESULTS:On the basis of studies that used active case ascertainment, the overall pooled prevalence of FAS and FASD among children and youth in the care of a child-care system was calculated to be 6.0% (60 per 1000; 95% CI: 38 to 85 per 1000) and 16.9% (169 per 1000; 95% CI: 109 to 238 per 1000), respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The results confirm that children and youth housed in or under the guardianship of the wide range of child-care systems constitute a population that is high-risk for FASD. It is imperative that screening be implemented in these at-risk populations.

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The caregiving context in institution‐reared and family‐reared infants and toddlers in Romania

Abstract: These data confirm previous findings regarding deficits associated with institutional care and extend our understanding of the impact of individual differences in caregiving quality on the development of young children in institutions.

Cited by 270 publications

References 37 publications

Serotonin transporter polymorphism moderates the effects of caregiver intrusiveness on ADHD symptoms among institutionalized preschoolers

Serotonin transporter polymorphism moderates the effects of caregiver intrusiveness on ADHD symptoms among institutionalized preschoolers

Indiscriminate Behaviors in Previously Institutionalized Young Children

Prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in Child Care Settings: A Meta-analysis

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