The Caregiver Eating Messages Scale: Development and psychometric investigation

Considering an affect regulation framework for examining the association between body dissatisfaction and positive body image in Black older adolescent females: Does body mass index matter?

“…With respect to BMI, reports of body appreciation are typically lower at higher body weights (e.g., Iannantuono & Tylka, 2012; Kroon Van Diest & Tylka, 2010; Swami, Campana, & Coles, 2012) even among Black college women (Cotter, Kelly, Mitchell, & Mazzeo, 2013) though this finding is not supported cross-culturally (e.g., Swami et al, 2008; Swami, Mada, & Tovee, 2012; Swami & Tovee, 2009). A corresponding pattern of inverse associations has been found between body image flexibility and BMI among university students (e.g., Hill et al, 2013; Wendell et al, 2012), though one study failed to detect a significant relationship among female participants (Sandoz et al, 2013).…”

“…Research has shown body appreciation to be inversely associated with harmful dimensions of body image and eating disorder symptoms (Avalos et al, 2005), restrictive/critical caregiver eating messages (Kroon Van Diest & Tylka, 2010), along with certain personality variables including neuroticism (Swami, Hadji-Michael, & Furnham, 2008) and maladaptive perfectionism (Iannantuono & Tylka, 2012). Conversely, it demonstrated positive links with body acceptance by others and healthy approaches to food consumption (i.e., intuitive eating: Augustus-Horvath & Tylka, 2011; Avalos & Tylka, 2006).…”

Intuitive eating in young adults. Who is doing it, and how is it related to disordered eating behaviors?

“…For instance, certain foods become more desirable to children if withheld from them (Birch, Fisher, & Davison, 2003) or less desirable if pushed upon them (Galloway, Fiorito, Francis, & Birch, 2006). Such restriction and pressure on child eating are inversely associated with eating in accordance with internal hunger and satiety cues later in life (Kroon Van Diest & Tylka, 2010). Notably, the replacement of these internal signals with external cues, or motivators, has been shown to be related to weight gain (Faith, Scanlon, Birch, Francis, & Sherry, 2004; Kroon Van Diest & Tylka, 2010) and several unhealthy eating practices, such as dietary restraint, eating in the absence of hunger, and eating in response to emotions (Birch & Fisher, 2000; Birch, Fisher, & Davison, 2003; Carper, Fisher, & Birch, 2000; Faith, Scanlon, Birch, Francis, & Sherry, 2004; Kroon Van Diest & Tylka, 2010; Patrick & Nicklas, 2005; Scaglioni et al, 2008).…”

Examining women's perceptions of their mother's and romantic partner's interpersonal styles for a better understanding of their eating regulation and intuitive eating

“…Prior research on the determinants of intuitive eating has shed light on some social factors that are closely related to intuitive eating. For example, in a sample of college men and women, it was found that individuals who received restrictive/ critical messages from caregivers during childhood reported lower intuitive eating (Kroon Van Diest & Tylka, 2010). Also, people who are surrounded by individuals (e.g., friends, romantic partners) who are obsessed with food and weight appear to eat less intuitively (Kroon Van Diest & Tylka, 2008).…”

“…The influence that mothers have on their daughters should last well beyond childhood and affect women's eating throughout adolescence and adulthood. For example, perceptions of a caregiver's eating messages received during childhood affect young adults' body attitudes and eating behaviors years later (Kroon Van Diest & Tylka, 2010).…”