The cardiopulmonary effects and quality of anesthesia after induction with alfaxalone in 2‐hydroxypropyl‐<i>β</i>‐cyclodextrin in dogs and cats: a systematic review

Chiu, K.W.; Robson, Simon G.; Devi, J. L.; Woodward, Andrew; Whittem, Ted

doi:10.1111/jvp.12312

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…A relatively high respiration rate was also found in previous studies in pigs when anaesthesia was induced or maintained with alfaxalone [10,17]. In a systematic review comparing respiratory rate in dogs and cats after induction with either alfaxalone or propofol no evidence of difference could be found between the two agents [18]. The PE′CO 2 in our study was lower in the alfaxalone treated than in propofol treated pigs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

A comparison of respiratory function in pigs anaesthetised by propofol or alfaxalone in combination with dexmedetomidine and ketamine

et al. 2020

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Background: General anaesthesia in pigs maintained with intravenous drugs such as propofol may cause respiratory depression. Alfaxalone gives less respiratory depression than propofol in some species. The aim of the investigation was to compare respiratory effects of propofol-ketamine-dexmedetomidine and alfaxalone-ketamine-dexmedetomidine in pigs. Sixteen pigs premedicated with ketamine 15 mg/kg and midazolam 1 mg/kg intramuscularly were anaesthetised with propofol or alfaxalone to allow endotracheal intubation, followed by propofol 8 mg/kg/h or alfaxalone 5 mg/kg/h in combination with ketamine 5 mg/kg/h and dexmedetomidine 4 µg/kg/h given as a continuous infusion for 60 min. The pigs breathed spontaneously with an FIO 2 of 0.21. Oxygen saturation (SpO 2), end-tidal CO 2 concentration (PE′CO 2), respiratory rate (f R) and inspired tidal volume (V T) were measured, and statistically compared between treatments. If the SpO 2 dropped below 80% or if PE′CO 2 increased above 10.0 kPa, the pigs were recorded as failing to complete the study, and time to failure was statistically compared between treatments. Results: Alfaxalone treated pigs had significantly higher respiratory rates and lower PE′CO 2 than propofol treated pigs, with a f R being 7.3 /min higher (P = 0.01) and PE′CO 2 0.8 kPa lower (P = 0.05). SpO 2 decreased by 0.6% and f R by 1.0 /min per kg increase in body weight in both treatment groups. Three of eight propofol treated and two of eight alfaxalone treated pigs failed to complete the study, and times to failure were not significantly different between treatments (P = 0.75). Conclusions: No major differences in respiratory variables were found when comparing treatments. Respiratory supportive measures must be available when using both protocols.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

A comparison of respiratory function in pigs anaesthetised by propofol or alfaxalone in combination with dexmedetomidine and ketamine

et al. 2020

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“…Most studies report that the quality of recovery from alfaxalone anaesthesia alone in dogs is “quite smooth” to “excellent” [ 4 , 10 , 24 , 27 ]. However, it was also reported that dogs exhibited transient muscular tremor, staggering gait, paddling of the forelimb, muscular twitching, limb extension or vocalization during the early recovery phase [ 3 , 10 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of intramuscular alfaxalone and its echocardiographic, cardiopulmonary and sedative effects in healthy dogs

Cruz-Benedetti

Bublot

Ribas³

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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The pharmacokinetics and the effects of a single intramuscular (IM) dose of alfaxalone on sedation and cardiopulmonary and echocardiographic variables was studied in dogs. Twelve healthy adult Beagles (3 females, 9 males) were used in this prospective controlled cross-over trial. Echocardiography was performed with and without 4 mg kg-1 alfaxalone IM with a week wash-out interval. Sedation (19-point scale; 0 = no sedation), cardiopulmonary parameters, blood gas analysis and plasma concentration of alfaxalone were assessed every 5 minutes following the injection (T0). The influence of the alfaxalone plasma concentration and time on physiological variables was tested using a linear model whereas echocardiographic measurements were compared between conscious and alfaxalone-administered dogs using paired t-tests. Compared to baseline, alfaxalone administration was followed by an increase in heart rate (HR) from T5 to T30 and a decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP) at T10, T25 and T30, in stroke volume (SV; 15 ± 5 to 11 ± 3 ml; P<0.0001), and end-diastolic volume (EDV; 24.7 ± 5.7 to 19.4 ± 4.9 ml). Cardiac output (CO) and blood gas analysis did not change significantly throughout. Mean plasma half-life was 29 ± 8 minutes, volume of distribution was 1.94 ± 0.63 L kg-1, and plasma clearance was 47.7 ± 14.1 ml kg-1 minute-1. Moderate to deep sedation was observed from T5 to T35. Ten dogs showed paddling, trembling, nystagmus and strong reaction to sound during the procedure. Although there were no significant changes in CO and oxygenation, the impact of HR, MAP, SV, EDV alterations requires further investigations in dogs with cardiac disease.

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“…Jantung merupakan salah satu organ tubuh yang paling terpengaruh oleh pemberian anastetik (Chiu et al, 2016). Banyak jenis anastetik yang dapat digunakan namun mempunyai berbagai efek samping antara lain memengaruhi otak, otot, sistem respirasi, dan sistem kardiovaskular (Epstein, 2011;Shintani et al, 2017).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Ekhokardiografi Kinerja Jantung Kelinci pada Anastesi Ketamin yang Dikombinasikan dengan Xylazin, Medetomidin, atau Acepromazin (HEART RABBIT PERFORMANCE ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN KETAMINE ANESTHESIA COMBINED WITH XYLAZINE, MEDETOMIDINE, OR ACEPROMAZINE)

Dewi

Gunanti

Noviana

2018

JVet

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Ketamine is anesthesia that commonly used in the rabbit’s surgery as animal model often combined with transquilizer. The aim of this study is to evaluate the rabbit’s cardiac performance after administration of ketamine anesthesia combined with transquilizer. A total of 24 rabbits of New Zealand White strain were divided into four treatment groups, namely ketamine 40 mg/kg BW, combination of ketamine 10 mg/ kg BW and xylazin 3 mg/kg BW, ketamine 10 mg/kg BW and medetomidin 0.125 mg/kg BW and ketamine 10 mg/kg BW and acepromazin 1 mg/kg BW group. Evaluation were performed at 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after administration of anesthesia. Evaluation of cardiac performance using echocardiography on heart rate, stroke volume, ejection fraction, fractional shortening and cardiac output. The results showed that the heart rate in all treatment groups decreased along with observation time, except the ketamine group increased after 45 minutes. The stroke volume, cardiac output and fractional shortening in all treatment groups was stable, and the value was not significantly different among time observation (P> 0.05). The ejection fraction of the ketamine combined with transquilizer showed had the same pattern, decreasing at the 30 minutes observation followed by increasing at 45 and 60 minutes observation, while the ketamine group increased at 45 minutes but decreased again at minute 60. The lowest ejection fraction score was seen in the ketamine group. The research suggest that administration of ketamine with combined transquilizer medetomidin showed the most stable cardiac performance during observation.

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The cardiopulmonary effects and quality of anesthesia after induction with alfaxalone in 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin in dogs and cats: a systematic review

Cited by 23 publications

References 54 publications

A comparison of respiratory function in pigs anaesthetised by propofol or alfaxalone in combination with dexmedetomidine and ketamine

A comparison of respiratory function in pigs anaesthetised by propofol or alfaxalone in combination with dexmedetomidine and ketamine

Pharmacokinetics of intramuscular alfaxalone and its echocardiographic, cardiopulmonary and sedative effects in healthy dogs

Ekhokardiografi Kinerja Jantung Kelinci pada Anastesi Ketamin yang Dikombinasikan dengan Xylazin, Medetomidin, atau Acepromazin (HEART RABBIT PERFORMANCE ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN KETAMINE ANESTHESIA COMBINED WITH XYLAZINE, MEDETOMIDINE, OR ACEPROMAZINE)

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