The Cardiff Anomalous Perceptions Scale (CAPS): A New Validated Measure of Anomalous Perceptual Experience

Bell, Vaughan; Halligan, Peter W.; Ellis, Hadyn D.

doi:10.1093/schbul/sbj014

Cited by 245 publications

(325 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(36 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

288

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Some recent studies have even used psychometrics to investigate complex conscious experiences such as the feeling of presence in virtual environments (e.g., Witmer, Jerome, & Singer, 2005), and anomalous sensations Psychometrics of Embodiment 20 associated with schizophrenia (Bell, Halligan, & Ellis, 2006) and depersonalization (Sierra, Baker, Medford, & David, 2005). To our knowledge, however, this study represents the first systematic application of psychometric methods to investigate complex conscious experience elicited under controlled, experimental conditions, and to identify subcomponents of that experience by systematic questioning.…”

Section: Psychometrics As a Tool For Studying Complex Phenomenologymentioning

confidence: 99%

What is embodiment? A psychometric approach

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

What is it like to have a body? The present study takes a psychometric approach to this question. We collected structured introspective reports of the rubber hand illusion, to systematically investigate the structure of bodily self-consciousness. Participants observed a rubber hand that was stroked either synchronously or asynchronously with their own hand and then made proprioceptive judgments of the location of their own hand and used Likert scales to rate their agreement or disagreement with 27 statements relating to their subjective experience of the illusion. Principal components analysis of this data revealed four major components of the experience across conditions, which we interpret as: embodiment of rubber hand, loss of own hand, movement, and affect. In the asynchronous condition, an additional fifth component, deafference, was found. Secondary analysis of the embodiment of rubber hand component revealed three subcomponents in both conditions: ownership, location, and agency. The ownership and location components were independent significant predictors of proprioceptive biases induced by the illusion. These results suggest that psychometric tools may provide a rich method for studying the structure of conscious experience, and point the way towards an empirically rigorous phenomenology. Psychometrics of Embodiment 3

show abstract

Section: Psychometrics As a Tool For Studying Complex Phenomenologymentioning

confidence: 99%

What is embodiment? A psychometric approach

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Internal consistency in the study was (α = 0.88). The questionnaire has been psychometrically evaluated in non-clinical groups (Bell et al, 2006).…”

Section: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To do so, we included a comprehensive measure of perceptual anomalies-the Cardiff Anomalous Perceptions Scale (Bell et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep quality and paranoia: The role of alexithymia, negative emotions and perceptual anomalies

Rehman

Gumley

Biello

2018

Psychiatry Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A B S T R A C TRecent evidence suggests that sleep problems are associated with psychotic like experiences including paranoia. However, the mechanisms underpinning this association are not well understood and thus studies modelling hypothesised mediating factors are required. Alexithymia, the inability to recognise and describe emotions within the self may be an important candidate. In two separate studies we sought to investigate factors mediating the relationship between sleep quality and paranoia using a cross-sectional design. Healthy volunteers without a mental health diagnosis were recruited (study 1, N = 401, study 2, N = 402). Participants completed a series of measures assessing paranoia, negative emotions, alexithymia and perceptual anomalies in an online survey. In study 1, regression and mediation analyses showed that the relationship between sleep quality and paranoia was partially mediated by alexithymia, perceptual anomalies and negative affect. In contrast, study 2 found that the relationship between sleep quality and paranoia was fully mediated by negative affect, alexithymia and perceptual anomalies. The link between sleep quality and paranoia is unclear and reasons for discrepant results are discussed. Novel findings in this study include the link between alexithymia and paranoia.

show abstract

“…In a second study, we explored psychosis proneness in healthy participants characterized according to the presence of perceptual (16) and belief-related schizotypal features (17). Schizotypy refers to a personality measure that has established predictive value for psychotic and other mental illnesses (18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of schizotypy scales have been devised to characterize various dimensions of psychosis. In the current study, we focused on individual variation in measures relating to perception and belief (16,17) because they most clearly relate to the key features of psychosis. These measures provided us with a finegrained index for relevant perceptual experience and beliefs, allowing us to characterize the bottom-up/top-down balance in relation to subtle, nonclinical but specific and measurable markers associated with psychosis proneness.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Shift toward prior knowledge confers a perceptual advantage in early psychosis and psychosis-prone healthy individuals

Teufel

Subramaniam

Dobler

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

229

240

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Many neuropsychiatric illnesses are associated with psychosis, i.e., hallucinations (perceptions in the absence of causative stimuli) and delusions (irrational, often bizarre beliefs). Current models of brain function view perception as a combination of two distinct sources of information: bottom-up sensory input and top-down influences from prior knowledge. This framework may explain hallucinations and delusions. Here, we characterized the balance between visual bottom-up and top-down processing in people with early psychosis (study 1) and in psychosis-prone, healthy individuals (study 2) to elucidate the mechanisms that might contribute to the emergence of psychotic experiences. Through a specialized mental-health service, we identified unmedicated individuals who experience early psychotic symptoms but fall below the threshold for a categorical diagnosis. We observed that, in early psychosis, there was a shift in information processing favoring prior knowledge over incoming sensory evidence. In the complementary study, we capitalized on subtle variations in perception and belief in the general population that exhibit graded similarity with psychotic experiences (schizotypy). We observed that the degree of psychosis proneness in healthy individuals, and, specifically, the presence of subtle perceptual alterations, is also associated with stronger reliance on prior knowledge. Although, in the current experimental studies, this shift conferred a performance benefit, under most natural viewing situations, it may provoke anomalous perceptual experiences. Overall, we show that early psychosis and psychosis proneness both entail a basic shift in visual information processing, favoring prior knowledge over incoming sensory evidence. The studies provide complementary insights to a mechanism by which psychotic symptoms may emerge.visual perception | psychosis | top-down processing | predictive coding | schizophrenia

show abstract

The Cardiff Anomalous Perceptions Scale (CAPS): A New Validated Measure of Anomalous Perceptual Experience

Cited by 245 publications

References 45 publications

What is embodiment? A psychometric approach

What is embodiment? A psychometric approach

Sleep quality and paranoia: The role of alexithymia, negative emotions and perceptual anomalies

Shift toward prior knowledge confers a perceptual advantage in early psychosis and psychosis-prone healthy individuals

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About