The carbon content of soil and its geographical distribution in Great Britain

Howard, P. J. A.; Loveland, P. J.; Bradley, R. I.; Dry, F.T.; Howard, D. M.; Howard, D.C.

doi:10.1111/j.1475-2743.1995.tb00488.x

Cited by 137 publications

(91 citation statements)

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“…This conclusion can be drawn from the small mean deviation of the replicates and the small variation of the C/N ratio in the subsoil samples. The biggest inaccuracy of this study is probably the estimation of the BD values of the subsoil with the help of the Howard et al (1995) equation. Indeed, that equation gave much lower BD values than were actually measured for the soil samples taken from 40-50 cm, probably compacted by agricultural operations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comparison of nitrogen and carbon reserves in acid sulphate and non acid sulphate soils in western Finland

Paasonen-Kivekäs¹,

Yli‐Halla²

2008

AFSci

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Previous studies suggest that nitrogen (N) loads from acid sulphate soil (AS soil) catchments in Finland are higher than those from other agricultural catchments. This study seeks to explain this difference by measuring carbon (C) and N profiles in both an AS soil and a neighbouring non AS soil. In Lapua, western Finland, two adjacent fields (Dystric Cambisols), subjected to similar agricultural practices, were analysed to the depth of 240 cm for pH, total C (Ctot), total N (Ntot), NH4 +-N, NO3 --N, sulphur and bulk density. Field A, an AS soil, contained sulfidic materials and 0.9% Ctot below 170 cm, while Field B, not an AS soil, had 0.3% Ctot in the subsoil and no sulfides. In these soils, the groundwater level declined below 200 cm in summer, subjecting the subsoil to oxidation. This study revealed large stocks of Ctot, Ntot, and mineral N in the subsoil, particularly in the AS soil. At 20240 cm, Field A contained 292 tons of Ctot ha-1 and 25 tons of Ntot ha-1, while Field B had 152 tons of Ctot ha-1 and 11 tons of Ntot ha-1. Field A contained up to 435 kg of mineral N ha-1 in autumn, while in Field B there was only up to 137 kg of mineral N ha-1. In Field A, NH4 +-N dominated strongly, while NO3 --N dominated in Field B. It is suggested that the greater concentration of mineral N in the AS soil is due to 1) a greater stock of total (mineralizable) N and 2) the slower rate of nitrification resulting in substantial NH4 +-N retention on cation exchange sites.;

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bulk density for deeper horizons was calculated on the basis of C content using the formula presented by Howard et al (1995): BD = 1.3 -(0.275 × log C%). Particle density was measured employing a pycnometer (Blake 1985b).…”

Section: Paasonen-kivekäs M and Yli-halla M N And C Reserves In Acimentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of nitrogen and carbon reserves in acid sulphate and non acid sulphate soils in western Finland

Paasonen-Kivekäs¹,

Yli‐Halla²

2008

AFSci

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“…For example in Britain, the total soil organic carbon content is estimated to be 22 ϫ 10 12 kg C, 75% of which is in Scottish peatlands (Howard et al 1995). The soil organic carbon storage in the Brocky Burn catchment is estimated to be 80 kg C m Ϫ2 (Deacon pers.…”

Section: Role Of Gaseous Evasion In Terrestrial Carbon Dynamics-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon dioxide and methane evasion from a temperate peatland stream

Hope

Palmer

Billett

et al. 2001

Limnology & Oceanography

221

249

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Peatland streams potentially represent important conduits for the exchange of gaseous carbon between the terrestrial ecosystem and the atmosphere. We investigated how gaseous evasion of carbon from the stream surface compared with downstream carbon transport at three locations on a Scottish headwater stream. Carbon dioxide was consistently above atmospheric saturation in the stream, with mean concentrations of 159.1, 81.8, and 29.5 mol L Ϫ1 at the lower, middle, and upper sites, respectively (i.e., 7.6, 3.9, and 1.2 times in excess of atmospheric equilibrium concentrations). Methane concentrations in stream water were much lower but showed a similar pattern. Rates of gaseous evasion from the stream surface to the atmosphere, determined experimentally using direct measurement of dissolved gas concentrations in conjunction with coinjection of conservative solute and volatile gas tracers, also declined downstream. Combined stream losses of all forms of carbon from the entire catchment (i.e., degassing from the stream surface and exports downstream) totaled 54,140 kg C yr Ϫ1. Evasion of carbon dioxide from the stream surface accounted for 34% of this total, compared to 57% lost as dissolved organic carbon via export downstream. When expressed per unit area of watershed, the gaseous C evasion from the stream represents a loss of 14.1 g C m Ϫ2 yr Ϫ1, which equals 28-70% of the estimated net carbon accumulation rate for such peatlands. This study shows that gaseous carbon loss from the surface of temperate headwater streams can be both spatially variable and significant in terms of rates of net annual land surface-atmosphere exchange at the catchment scale.Although there is an extensive literature on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in streams, much less attention has been given to gaseous forms of carbon (e.g., carbon dioxide and methane) in stream water (Hope et al. 1994). Typically, both carbon dioxide and methane are supersaturated in surface waters, with both streams and lakes frequently exhibiting gaseous partial pressures many times in excess of atmospheric equilibrium (Kling et al. 1991;Cole et al. 1994;Hamilton et al. 1994;Dawson et al. 1995; Jones and Mulholland 1998a,b). By evasion of this excess gaseous carbon, surface waters can act as conduits for a significant flux of carbon from terrestrial pools to the atmosphere (Kling et al. 1991;Cole et al. 1994;Hamilton et al. 1994). Most of the published evasion flux estimates are for lakes (e.g., Cole et al. 1994) and large rivers (e.g., DeAngelis and Scranton 1993;Raymond et al. 1997). However, small streams are where much groundwater initially enters surface drainage systems carrying a large load of dissolved gases, yet there are few published studies where gaseous carbon efflux rates have actually been measured for such streams (Jones and Mulholland 1998a,b).Using measurements of carbon dioxide and methane content of stream water in conjunction with tracer experiments involving the coinjection of a conservation solute and a volatile gas tracer, we quan...

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“…Then C densities were determined by soil land use category using a combination of geo-referenced soil and CORINE land use databases. The same approach was used in Great Britain by Howard et al (1995), who mapped the geographical distribution of SOC with estimates based on the dominant soil series and land cover class for 1 km × 1 km blocks.…”

Section: Soil C Stocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic carbon stocks in Mediterranean soil types under different land uses (Southern Spain)

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Soil C sequestration through changes in land use and management is one of the sustainable and long-term strategies to mitigate climate change. This research explores and quantifies the role of soil and land use as determinants of the ability of soils to store C along Mediterranean systems. Detailed studies of soil organic C (SOC) dynamics are necessary in order to identify factors determining fluctuations and intensity of changes. In this study, SOC contents from different soil and land use types have been investigated in Andalusia (Southern Spain). We have used soil information from different databases, as well as land use digital maps, climate databases and digital elevation models. The average SOC content for each soil control section (0-25, 25-50 and 50-75 cm) was determined and SOC stocks were calculated for each combination of soil and land use type, using soil and land cover maps. The total organic C stocks in soils of Andalusia is 415 Tg for the upper 75 cm, with average values ranging from 15.9 Mg C ha −1 (Solonchaks under "arable land") to 107.6 Mg C ha −1 (Fluvisols from "wetlands"). Up to 55 % of SOC accumulates in the top 25 cm of soil (229.7 Tg). This research constitutes a preliminary assessment for modelling SOC stock under scenarios of land use and climate change.

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The carbon content of soil and its geographical distribution in Great Britain

Cited by 137 publications

References 0 publications

A comparison of nitrogen and carbon reserves in acid sulphate and non acid sulphate soils in western Finland

A comparison of nitrogen and carbon reserves in acid sulphate and non acid sulphate soils in western Finland

Carbon dioxide and methane evasion from a temperate peatland stream

Organic carbon stocks in Mediterranean soil types under different land uses (Southern Spain)

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