The Carbon Black Dispersion Index DI<sub>CB</sub>: A Novel Approach Describing the Dispersion Progress of Carbon Black Containing Battery Slurries

Weber, Marcel; Mayer, Julian K.; Kwade, Arno

doi:10.1002/ente.202201299

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Here, x D describes the minimum between the aggregate and agglomerate peak and is set to x D = 0.8 μm. [ 25 ] To prove a direct influence of the specific torque on the DI CB , these two parameters are plotted in Figure 3 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To be able to quantify the CB dispersion, Weber et al introduced the CB dispersion index (DI CB ). [ 25 ] The effectiveness of the dispersion process is closely linked to the specific energy and torque employed during mixing. Specifically, the specific torque stands out as a pivotal parameter, serving as a measure of the stress intensity applied during processing, ultimately influencing particle stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Screw Geometry and Solids Content on the Properties of Continuously Produced Si Anodes

Grenda,

Weber,

Jagau

et al. 2024

Energy Tech

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Within the realm of lithium‐ion batteries, there is a growing emphasis on achieving high energy density and environmentally friendly production at a low cost. To address these demands, the battery slurries in this study incorporate the high‐energy anode material silicon. They are systematically produced through continuous extrusion, aiming to realize cost reductions by significantly reducing the overall process time. In this study, it is demonstrated that the choice of screw configuration and solids content during kneading influences the specific energy input and the stress intensity during processing significantly. The stress intensity, represented here by the specific torque, has a great influence on the slurry properties as well as the electrochemical performance of the battery. An increased stress intensity leads to an increase in adhesive strength and ionic resistance. In the results, it is indicated that carbon black decomposition increases significantly, but when a critical specific stress intensity in form of the specific torque is reached, delamination and fracture of the graphite particles occur, leading to a loss of lithium‐ion storage capacity, favoring lithium plating and severely degrading both capacity by up to 40% at 1C and long‐term performance by up to 10% after 50 cycles.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Screw Geometry and Solids Content on the Properties of Continuously Produced Si Anodes

Grenda,

Weber,

Jagau

et al. 2024

Energy Tech

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“…based on the simulation results, which is given by the sum of the specific local drive power P i applied by the extruder screw to each specific volume element e i divided by the overall processed material mass m slurry [11,23]. The local drive power term can be derived from the local shear forces in cases wherein no further energy losses occur, which is the case in the simulation.…”

Section: Process Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…proposed by Weber et al [23] is employed for this analysis. The mean particle diameter x 50,CB of the left peak (fine material) in the slurry and its volume fraction Q 3 (x D ) (here, x D = 3 µm) are considered.…”

Section: Battery Dispersion Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Anode Slurry Production in Twin-Screw Extruders: Effects of the Process Setup on the Dispersion

Meza Gonzalez,

Nirschl,

Rhein

2024

Batteries

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Screw design in the extrusion process has an important effect on the distribution of material through the extruder, resulting in partially filled sections in the processing zone. Accordingly, the local accumulation of material in the extruder leads to variations in material strain conditions and also influences the local residence time of the material in a given screw section. This work evaluates particle dispersion in anode slurry considering three different screw arrangements. The particle size distribution is considered as a quality parameter representing the microstructure of the battery slurry components and their distribution. Numerical simulation of the material flow behavior through a laboratory extruder was performed to investigate the filling ratios and resulting shear rates for different screw designs and process conditions. The importance of process parameters and a suitable screw configuration to achieve specific particle sizes in battery slurry is discussed.

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“…The DI CB was calculated according to Equation (1). [27] Based on the equation, the DI CB is a measure for the specific surface area of CB aggregates in electrode slurries, which increased with ongoing dispersion.…”

Section: Particle Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Introducing Spectrophotometry for Quality Control in Lithium‐Ion‐Battery Electrode Manufacturing

et al. 2023

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The rising demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) significantly changed the field of research in the past years. [1] Due to the exponentially increasing market volume and high raw material costs, resource efficient processing is more important than ever since almost 70% of the battery costs are due to the raw material used. [2] Resource efficient processing requires continuous product quality monitoring along the process chain to identify scrap material as soon as possible and enable an intelligent, data-driven process control to adjust the following process steps. [3,4] So far, few studies have been known that focus on the intermediate product (IMP) analysis in electrode production. [5][6][7] Along the process chain, the material passes three different IMP steps: powder, slurry, and electrode. Each IP has its own distinct characteristics and different methods to determine the IP quality. For example, the slurry is often characterized by its particle size and viscosity, while electrodes usually are characterized regarding conductivity, mechanical properties, or porosity. However, only a few publications specifically investigate those methods in depth. Even though many publications use the measured values to investigate processes or materials, none of them concludes quality assessment parameters. The main challenges with postulating these so-called "quality gates," which define the IP quality, are the huge variety of parameters, the high complexity of the subsequent process steps, and so-called process-structure-property relations. These relations are even more complicated to identify and to predict since every IMP has its own characteristics that cannot be carried onto later IMPs. The information regarding slurry rheology may influence edge formation or coating quality, yet these characteristics are measured differently and cannot be compared easily.Due to the high complexity, Kornas et al. [8] proposed a multivariate key performance indicator (KPI)-based method for quality control of the process chain. This system was developed considering the entire cell production process and introduces a KPI system with a hierarchical structure to take into account the interactions between process and product characteristics.However, the idea behind intelligent processing is a realization of autonomous control systems. These control systems require specific target values in product and process properties (quality gates). Based on these quality gates, simulations can compare input parameters and adjust the process if needed. Furthermore, short measurement times are necessary for the implementation of closed-loop controls and rapid intervention in the event of any deviations from the quality gates. Therefore, inline measurements offer an enormous advantage over standard offline quality measurements in the laboratory.

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The Carbon Black Dispersion Index DI_CB: A Novel Approach Describing the Dispersion Progress of Carbon Black Containing Battery Slurries

Cited by 6 publications

References 36 publications

Impact of Screw Geometry and Solids Content on the Properties of Continuously Produced Si Anodes

Impact of Screw Geometry and Solids Content on the Properties of Continuously Produced Si Anodes

Continuous Anode Slurry Production in Twin-Screw Extruders: Effects of the Process Setup on the Dispersion

Introducing Spectrophotometry for Quality Control in Lithium‐Ion‐Battery Electrode Manufacturing

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The Carbon Black Dispersion Index DICB: A Novel Approach Describing the Dispersion Progress of Carbon Black Containing Battery Slurries

Cited by 6 publications

References 36 publications

Impact of Screw Geometry and Solids Content on the Properties of Continuously Produced Si Anodes

Impact of Screw Geometry and Solids Content on the Properties of Continuously Produced Si Anodes

Continuous Anode Slurry Production in Twin-Screw Extruders: Effects of the Process Setup on the Dispersion

Introducing Spectrophotometry for Quality Control in Lithium‐Ion‐Battery Electrode Manufacturing

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The Carbon Black Dispersion Index DI_CB: A Novel Approach Describing the Dispersion Progress of Carbon Black Containing Battery Slurries