The carbohydrates in alfalfa Medicago sativa. I. General composition, identification of a nonreducing sugar and investigation of the pectic substances

Lagowski, J. M.; Sell, Harold M.; Huffman, C. F.; Duncan, C.W.

doi:10.1016/0003-9861(58)90156-5

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…It is the major carbohydrate present in legumes and in some non-forage plants and it constitutes 10 to 20% of total carbohydrate in grass and alfalfa [17]. Pectin degradation accelerates cellulose and hemicellulose degradation and maintains the physiological pH of the rumen [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundance and Genetic Diversity of Microbial Polygalacturonase and Pectate Lyase in the Sheep Rumen Ecosystem

et al. 2012

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Background Efficient degradation of pectin in the rumen is necessary for plant-based feed utilization. The objective of this study was to characterize the diversity, abundance, and functions of pectinases from microorganisms in the sheep rumen. Methodology/Principal Findings A total of 103 unique fragments of polygalacturonase (PF00295) and pectate lyase (PF00544 and PF09492) genes were retrieved from microbial DNA in the rumen of a Small Tail Han sheep, and 66% of the sequences of these fragments had low identities (<65%) with known sequences. Phylogenetic tree building separated the PF00295, PF00544, and PF09492 sequences into five, three, and three clades, respectively. Cellulolytic and noncellulolytic Butyrivibrio , Prevotella , and Fibrobacter species were the major sources of the pectinases. The two most abundant pectate lyase genes were cloned, and their protein products, expressed in Escherichia coli , were characterized. Both enzymes probably act extracellularly as their nucleotide sequences contained signal sequences, and they had optimal activities at the ruminal physiological temperature and complementary pH-dependent activity profiles. Conclusion/Significance This study reveals the specificity, diversity, and abundance of pectinases in the rumen ecosystem and provides two additional ruminal pectinases for potential industrial use under physiological conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundance and Genetic Diversity of Microbial Polygalacturonase and Pectate Lyase in the Sheep Rumen Ecosystem

et al. 2012

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“…Access to browse is limited due to seasonal restrictions or rather individual zoo management, so physically effective fibre and nutrients should be supplied with alternative feedstuffs. In such a forage, the chemical and structural composition of cell walls should resemble browse (Robbins and Moen, 1975;Hummel et al, 2006a), which widely applies to lucerne hay (Lagowski et al, 1958).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition and fermentation characteristics of feedstuffs for giraffes (<i>Giraffa camelopardalis</i>) in German zoos

Gussek¹,

Große‐Brinkhaus²,

Hummel³

et al. 2016

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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“…The contribution of pectin to the energy requirements of rumen microorganisms is relevant because 75–90% of it is fermented in the rumen (Michaux 1951). The digestibility of pectin becomes more important in immature stages of high quality pastures, when its concentration is higher (Lagowski et al. 1958).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pectin (a methyl-esterified polymer of galacturonic acid) is one of the three major structural components (the others are lignocellulose and hemicellulose) in forages and is found mainly as a component of the intercellular layers of all plant tissues (Aspinall 1970). It comprises between 10 and 20% of the carbohydrates in forage (Lagowski et al 1958) and its concentration diminishes during the growth of the plant. The contribution of pectin to the energy requirements of rumen microorganisms is relevant because 75-90% of it is fermented in the rumen (Michaux 1951).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The contribution of pectin to the energy requirements of rumen microorganisms is relevant because 75-90% of it is fermented in the rumen (Michaux 1951). The digestibility of pectin becomes more important in immature stages of high quality pastures, when its concentration is higher (Lagowski et al 1958). In these cases, pectin can hinder the access of xylanases and cellulases to their substrates in the cell walls (Ben-Shalom 1986;Schönfeld and Behnke 1991), causing an inefficient digestion of the forage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth and pectate-lyase activity of the ruminal bacterium Lachnospira multiparus in the presence of short-chain organic acids

Paggi

Rodrı́guez

Fay³

2005

Lett Appl Microbiol

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Aims: Acetic, propionic, butyric and lactic acids are end products of feed fermentation by rumen microbes. The effects of these short chain acids on growth and pectate-lyase (PL) activity of Lachnospira multiparus were studied. Methods and Results: The bacterial strain used was L. multiparus D32. Acids were tested between 50 and 300 mmol l )1 . Growth and PL activity were measured by the increase in total protein content and by the increase in absorbance at 235 nm in the reaction medium respectively. With the exception of lactic acid, all acids decreased bacterial growth rates; generally, these effects were more pronounced at higher concentrations and with acids of longer chains. PL activity was inhibited by all the acids except by butyric acid at 50 and 100 mmol l )1 . Enzyme inhibition increased with the concentrations of the acids and lactic acid was the most inhibitory. Conclusions: High concentrations of short chain acids can differentially inhibit the growth rate and the PL activity of L. multiparus. Significance and Impact of the Study: Products of fermentation generated by the ruminal microbiota could modify the degradation of pectic substances by this bacterium.

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The carbohydrates in alfalfa Medicago sativa. I. General composition, identification of a nonreducing sugar and investigation of the pectic substances

Cited by 23 publications

References 12 publications

Abundance and Genetic Diversity of Microbial Polygalacturonase and Pectate Lyase in the Sheep Rumen Ecosystem

Abundance and Genetic Diversity of Microbial Polygalacturonase and Pectate Lyase in the Sheep Rumen Ecosystem

Chemical composition and fermentation characteristics of feedstuffs for giraffes (<i>Giraffa camelopardalis</i>) in German zoos

Growth and pectate-lyase activity of the ruminal bacterium Lachnospira multiparus in the presence of short-chain organic acids

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