The Carbohydrate Metabolism of Brain

Kerr, Stanley E.; Hampel, Christian; Ghantus, Musa

doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)74386-x

Cited by 38 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 16 publications

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“…There are no data in the literature on the concentration of glucose, as opposed to total reducing substances, in the brain. The total reducing substances reported in earlier publications [all values from animals under Amytal (5-ethyl-5-i8opentylbarbituric acid) anaesthesia] were all higher: 33-71 mg./100 g. was found in the brains of starved dogs (Kerr & Ghantus, 1936), 35-37 mg./ 100 g. in the brains of starved rabbits (Kerr & Ghantus, 1936;Kerr, Hampel & Ghantus, 1937;Gurdjahn, Webster & Stone, 1949), and 74 mg./ 100 g. in the brains of unstarved cats (Klein, Hurwitz & Olsen, 1946;Klein & Olsen, 1947). The lower values for total reducing substances found in the rat brain may be due to species differences, or to differences in procedure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

The concentration of glucose in rat tissues

Gey

1956

Biochemical Journal

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SUBSTANCES RELATED TO ALA 145 4. In contrast to simple unbranched N-acyl derivatives of glycine, N-p-carboxypropionyland N-succinyl-glycine are hydrolysed in vivo to a negligible extent only. Corresponding derivatives of aminolaevulic acid also are not hydrolysed, nor is, in this case, the N-acetyl amino acid. With the latter compound rapid excretion may account for the failure of hydrolytic systems to yield the free amino acid.5. Both the diester and the (x)mono-ethyl ester of amino-oxoadipic acid have been shown to give rise to porphobilinogen or porphyrins in biological systems. These included rats, liver homogenates, and suspensions or cell-free extracts ofRhodop8eudo-mona8 8pheroide8. This is not, however, sufficient evidence to establish that amino-oxoadipic acid is the biological precursor of aminolaevulic acid.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

The concentration of glucose in rat tissues

Gey

1956

Biochemical Journal

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Effect of Insulin Hypoglycemia on Glycogen Content of Parts of the Central Nervous System of the Dog

Chesler¹

1944

Arch NeurPsych

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In a previous study 1 we determined the glycogen contents of the various parts of the central nervous system in dogs and cats with normal levels of the blood sugar. It was found that each portion of the central nervous system possessed a characteristic concentration of glycogen and that in general, in the adult, these concentrations followed a definite order, being lowest in the cord and becoming increasingly greater in the successive rostral portions. Kerr and associates,2 who studied only the cerebral cortex, observed that its glycogen content was remarkably constant under all conditions except for hypoglycemia. With an average normal value of 90 mg. per hundred grams of cortex, they found that a fall of 50 mg. or less per hundred grams resulted in the production of hypoglycemic symptoms. The lowest values they observed in the cerebral cortex averaged approximately 30 mg. per hundred grams of tissue. In the present experiments the glycogen contents of representative parts of the central nervous system were examined in an effort to determine the changes occurring in the various portions during intense hypoglycemia. METHODThe methods for the fixation of glycogen and its determination were described in a previous paper.1Fasting dogs were given intraperitoneal injections of 35 mg. of pentobarbital sodium per kilogram of body weight and then received standard insulin, 2 units per kilogram of body weight, every hour for the duration of the experiment. The heart rate was taken as an Eli Lilly and Company supplied the insulin.important criterion of the progress of the hypoglycemia. The bradycardia occurring after the initial tachycardia was used as a sign of medullary release, with pre¬ dominant vagus tone.3 For that reason the rate of the heart was observed throughout the experiments, and the final rate was correlated with the glycogen contents observed. The actual duration of the episodes of hypo¬ glycemia varied in the different experiments from three to fifteen hours. The level of the blood sugar was followed by frequent sampling of the blood and its analysis by the Hagedorn and Jensen method.4 RESULTSThe accompanying table contains the obser¬ vations in 9 experiments. It presents the gly¬ cogen contents of the various parts of the central nervous system, the initial and terminal heart rates, the concentration of blood sugar and the time the sample of blood was drawn before the animal was killed. Finally, for comparison with the glycogen contents of the various parts of the central nervous system during hypoglycemia, the averages and the range of values for each part of the brain of adult dogs with normal levels of the blood sugarx are included. The low levels of the blood sugar reveal the profound hypoglycemia of the animals. Examination of the heart rates discloses that as the differences between the original values and those determined just before the injection of sodium iodoacetate become progressively larger, the glycogen con¬ tents of the parts of the central nervous system show greater changes from the norma...

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A histochemical study of glycogen distribution in the developing nervous system of Amblystoma

Janosky

Wenger

1956

J of Comparative Neurology

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The Carbohydrate Metabolism of Brain

Cited by 38 publications

References 16 publications

The concentration of glucose in rat tissues

The concentration of glucose in rat tissues

Effect of Insulin Hypoglycemia on Glycogen Content of Parts of the Central Nervous System of the Dog

A histochemical study of glycogen distribution in the developing nervous system of Amblystoma

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