The capacity of biochar made from common reeds to neutralise pH and remove dissolved metals in acid drainage

Mosley, Luke M.; Willson, Philip; Hamilton, Benjamin; Butler, Greg; Seaman, Russell

doi:10.1007/s11356-015-4735-9

Cited by 28 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…After leaching with SAR, the pH decreased by 0.45 in untreated soils and by 0.34 in BC400-treated soils, confirming the hypothesis that biochar can enhance the soil pH and the buffering capacity, thereby increasing the resistance to acid rain [ 64 ]. These effects are mainly due to the dissolution of alkaline components (such as OH − , SiO 3 2− , and CO 3 2− ) in the soil [ 65 , 66 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Biochar-Derived Sewage Sludge on Heavy Metal Adsorption and Immobilization in Soils

Zhou

Liú

Gao

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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The object of this study was to evaluate the effect of sewage sludge biochar on adsorption and mobility of Cr, Mn, Cu, and Zn. Biochar (BC400) was produced via pyrolysis of municipal sewage sludge at 400 °C. Maximum adsorption capacities (qm) for Zn, Cr, Mn, and Cu were 5.905, 5.724, 5.681, and 5.342 mg·g−1, respectively, in the mono-metal solution and 2.475, 8.204, 1.01, and 5.415 mg·g−1, respectively, in the multi-metal solution. The adsorption capacities for Mn, Cu, and Zn decreased in the multi-metal solution due to competitive adsorption, whereas the capacity for Cr increased. Surface precipitation is an important mechanism in the sorption of these metals on BC400. The 360-day incubation experiment showed that BC400 application reduced metal mobility in contaminated soils, which was attributed to the substantial decreases in the acid-soluble fractions of Cr, Mn, Cu, and Zn (72.20%, 70.38%, 50.43%, and 29.78%, respectively). Furthermore, the leaching experiment using simulated acid rain indicated that the addition of BC400 enhanced the acid buffer capacity of contaminated soil, and the concentration of Cr, Mn, Cu, and Zn in the leachate was lower than in untreated soil. Overall, this study indicates that sewage sludge biochar application reduces the mobility of heavy metal in co-contaminated soil, and this adsorption experiment is suitable for the evaluation of biochar properties for remediation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Biochar-Derived Sewage Sludge on Heavy Metal Adsorption and Immobilization in Soils

Zhou

Liú

Gao

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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“…Moreover, the effect on Feammox (Feammox rate was 0.28–0.48 mg N L –1 day –1 ) and Fe(II) production rate and extent were further enhanced when both AQDS and biochar were added (Figures and ). It was likely ascribed to the accumulation of quinone compounds contained by AQDS and biochar; also, the capacity of biochar to adsorb the Fe(II) might lead to a faster iron(III) reduction rate in the ferrihydrite enrichments. , This further indicated the impact of electron shuttles on Feammox-based N loss from the enrichments. When both 29 N 2 and 30 N 2 are taken into consideration, the utilization of 15 NH 4 + was increased 4.1–11.5% in the two DIRB enrichments when electron shuttles were added.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron Shuttles Enhance Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation Coupled to Iron(III) Reduction

Zhou

Yang

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

223

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Anaerobic ammonium oxidation coupled to iron(III) reduction, termed Feammox, is a newly discovered nitrogen cycling process. However, little is known about the roles of electron shuttles in the Feammox reactions. In this study, two forms of Fe(III) (oxyhydr)oxide ferrihydrite (ex situ ferrihydrite and in situ ferrihydrite) were used in dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction (DIR) enrichments from paddy soil. Evidence for Feammox in DIR enrichments was demonstrated using the 15N-isotope tracing technique. The extent and rate of both the 30N2–29N2 and Fe(II) formation were enhanced when amended with electron shuttles (either 9,10-anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) or biochar) and further simulated when these two shuttling compounds were combined. Although the Feammox-associated Fe(III) reduction accounted for only a minor proportion of total Fe(II) formation compared to DIR, it was estimated that the potentially Feammox-mediated N loss (0.13–0.48 mg N L–1 day–1) was increased by 17–340% in the enrichments by the addition of electron shuttles. The addition of electron shuttles led to an increase in the abundance of unclassified Pelobacteraceae, Desulfovibrio, and denitrifiers but a decrease in Geobacter. Overall, we demonstrated a stimulatory effect of electron shuttles on Feammox that led to higher N loss, suggesting that electron shuttles might play a crucial role in Feammox-mediated N loss from soils.

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“…Once acid was applied to the biochar, solid phase carbonate in the biochar may have dissolved, increased pH (due to formation of HCO 3 − ), and induced metal precipitation within the solution and to the biochar. The eucalyptus biochar had 4% CaCO 3 ( Table 1), therefore some protons will also be neutralised by carbonates [44,45], although we adjusted to a set pH in the experiments. In summary, the results suggest that biochar has potential for metal and proton removal over a wide range of soluble metal concentrations, as they may occur in drainage channels of acidic ASS, which is in agreement with our previous studies [8,9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Binding of Protons, Al and Fe to Biochar at Different pH Values and Soluble Metal Concentrations

Dang

Marschner

Fitzpatrick

et al. 2018

Water

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Biochar can retain large amounts of protons and metals in the drainage water from acid sulfate soils and mine sites. Metal sorption can, however, be influenced by many factors, such as pH and metal composition. This study investigated proton, Al, and Fe retention capacity of eucalyptus biochar (1% w/v) at different pH and metal concentrations. In the absence of metals, the biochar had a high proton binding capacity, (up to 0.035 mmol of H + ), whereas its capacity to retain hydroxide ions was limited. A batch experiment was carried out at pH 4 and pH 7 with 10 −6 , 10 −5 , 10 −4 , 10 −3 , and 10 −2 M of added Fe or Al. Added metals precipitated considerably prior to addition of the biochar except that Al remained highly soluble at pH 4. The biochar had a high retention capacity for Al and Fe; at high (>1 mM) concentrations, over 80% of soluble metals were retained. Metal competition for binding sites of both Al and Fe at different ratios was investigated, but increasing concentrations of one metal did not reduce retention of the other. The results confirmed that biochar has high metal binding capacity under both acidic and neutral conditions.

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The capacity of biochar made from common reeds to neutralise pH and remove dissolved metals in acid drainage

Cited by 28 publications

References 21 publications

Effects of Biochar-Derived Sewage Sludge on Heavy Metal Adsorption and Immobilization in Soils

Effects of Biochar-Derived Sewage Sludge on Heavy Metal Adsorption and Immobilization in Soils

Electron Shuttles Enhance Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation Coupled to Iron(III) Reduction

Assessment of the Binding of Protons, Al and Fe to Biochar at Different pH Values and Soluble Metal Concentrations

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