The capacity and effectiveness of diosmectite and charcoal in trapping the compounds causing the most frequent intoxications in acute medicine: A comparative study

Mináriková, Michaela; Fojtíková, Veronika; Vyskočilová, Eliška; Sedláček, Jan; Šikut, Milan; Bořek-Dohalská, Lucie; Stiborová, Marie; Martínková, Markéta

doi:10.1016/j.etap.2017.04.011

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The present study demonstrates that the maximum uptake of theophylline by the selected commercial pharmaceutical grade smectite at pH 1.2 was 67 ± 2 mg g −1 . This is consistent with the findings of Mináriková et al [23] who report the same maximum loading of theophylline in a different commercial smectite clay under simulated gastrointestinal conditions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The large specific surface area, high adsorption and cation exchange capacities, swelling potential and low toxicity of smectites have been exploited in a wide range of formulations for modulating drug delivery [1–5, 9, 16]. They are particularly suitable for the gastric protection of cationic drugs and are also under consideration as gastrointestinal decontamination agents to mitigate the absorption of ingested toxins [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The protonated cationic forms of basic and amphoteric ionisable drugs (p K a > 7) are readily intercalated between the negatively charged sheets of smectite clays under aqueous acidic conditions [23, 24]. At low pH, such as that encountered in the stomach, the cationic form of the drug persists and the strong electrostatic drug-clay interactions continue to bind the drug to the clay matrix preventing its release.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of recent studies reports the release of theophylline from multicomponent formulations containing smectite clays among numerous other constituents such as polymers, hydrogels and other common excipients [2, 3, 9]. However, there is a surprising paucity of information on the binary theophylline-smectite system in the current literature [22, 23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intercalated theophylline-smectite hybrid for pH-mediated delivery

Trivedi

Nandi

Maniruzzaman

et al. 2018

Drug Deliv. and Transl. Res.

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On the basis of their large specific surface areas, high adsorption and cation exchange capacities, swelling potential and low toxicity, natural smectite clays are attractive substrates for the gastric protection of neutral and cationic drugs. Theophylline is an amphoteric xanthine derivative that is widely used as a bronchodilator in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This study considers the in vitro uptake and release characteristics of the binary theophylline-smectite system. The cationic form of theophylline was readily ion exchanged into smectite clay at pH 1.2 with a maximum uptake of 67 ± 2 mg g −1. Characterisation of the drug-clay hybrid system by powder X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the theophylline had been exclusively intercalated into the clay system in an amorphous form. The drug remained bound within the clay under simulated gastric conditions at pH 1.2; and the prolonged release of approximately 40% of the drug was observed in simulated intestinal fluid at pH 6.8 and 7.4 within a 2-h timeframe. The incomplete reversibility of the intercalation process was attributed to chemisorption of the drug within the clay lattice. These findings indicate that smectite clay is a potentially suitable vehicle for the safe passage of theophylline into the duodenum. Protection from absorption in the stomach and subsequent prolonged release in the small intestine are advantageous in reducing fluctuations in serum concentration which may impact therapeutic effect and toxicity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Intercalated theophylline-smectite hybrid for pH-mediated delivery

Trivedi

Nandi

Maniruzzaman

et al. 2018

Drug Deliv. and Transl. Res.

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“…Water strongly interacts with smectite surfaces, primarily through hydration of the exchangeable metal cations. This leads to swelling and subsequent interlayer distance enhancement [12]. The swelling capability associated with interlayer extension is very important for the absorption potency of smectite.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smectite for Medical Use and Their Toxin Binding Capacity

Müller¹,

Dobler²,

Schmidts³

et al. 2019

J Food Nutr Popul Health

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A detoxification product (Symbio®detox), containing diosmectite, boswellia and Commiphora resin was tested in terms of its adsorption behavior. We showed that it was able to adsorb large amounts of various toxins, including heavy metals, ammonium and histamine. At pH=2.0 is 9.5% of lead 98% of mercury and 8.8% zinc were adsorbed, while ammonium (2.5%) remained largely unaffected. At pH 6.5, we observed significantly increased adsorption for lead (60.4%), ammonium (7.2%) and histamine (91%); the adsorption of zinc (11.2%) was only slightly higher than at pH=2.0. By contrast, the adsorption of mercury (84.6%) was slightly lower under these conditions. The adsorption of toxic heavy metals including mercury and lead was greater than that of zinc. Thus, Symbio®detox may be used as a medical product because of its excellent binding capacity for toxins including heavy metals, ammonia and histamine. In addition, the product is not likely to result in deficiency of the essential mineral zinc. Finally, we did not detect adsorption of the pharmaceutically relevant ingredients Boswellia serrata resin and Commiphora molmol resin.

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