The Capability of Raman Microspectroscopy to Differentiate Printing Inks

Johnson, Chelsea E.; Martin, Paul C.; Roberts, Katherine; Trejos, Tatiana; Corzo, B S Ruthmara; Almirall, José R.; Safer, Alan M.

doi:10.1111/1556-4029.13508

Cited by 19 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…First, there are studies that have used chemical analysis to examine inkjet inks. Lee et al [1] attempted to analyze inkjet inks using MS after UPLC separation, and Johnson et al [2] performed Raman classification using 532 and 792 nm excitation wavelengths to differentiate chemical components in printing inks. The discrimination capability ranged from 75% to 94% for inkjet printers.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification algorithm using halftone features of counterfeit bills and CNN

Lee

Kim

Kang

2021

Journal of Forensic Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

With recent advancements in image processing and printing technology, home printers have improved in performance and grown more widespread. As such, they have been increasingly used in counterfeiting and forgery. Most counterfeit bills in Korea have been created using home scanners and printers. The identification of printer model is thus necessary to rapidly track down criminals and solve crimes. Household printers can be largely divided into inkjet and laser printers. These two types of printers print halftone textures instead of continuous images. This study proposed a technique of printer classification based on halftone textures that can be observed in printed documents. Since halftone textures are expressed as periodic lattices, the images were transformed via FFT, which is highly effective at expressing periodicity. ResNet, known for its superior gradient flow, was used for training. The experiment was conducted on 12 color laser jets and 2 inkjets. Scans of bills printed by each printer were used, and halftone texture analysis was performed on these images for printer model classification. Each image was cropped into several parts; one of the cropped parts was analyzed. The analysis showed that laser printers could be 100% distinguished from inkjet printers. An accuracy of 98.44% was achieved in make classification. When 50 cropped images were used instead of a single image, the technique achieved 100% accuracy in model classification. The proposed technique is non‐destructive; it offers high accessibility and efficiency as it can be performed using a scanner alone, without requiring additional optical equipment.

show abstract

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification algorithm using halftone features of counterfeit bills and CNN

Lee

Kim

Kang

2021

Journal of Forensic Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The colored toners were easier to distinguish by vibrational spectroscopy than the black ones and Raman spectroscopy achieved 95.6% discrimination among 23 colored inkjet printer inks [ 22 ]. Another study reported results of Raman spectroscopy on printing inks or toners, where the discrimination capability achieved among sample sets of the same color ranged from 75 to 94% for inkjet inks and from 0 to 86% for toners [ 23 ]. After development of spectral libraries, it was possible to correctly classify all the samples in a blind test on 45 black toners from 18 manufacturers by applying FTIR spectroscopy [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic Analysis of Commercial Inks by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)

Cicconi

Lazic

Palucci

et al. 2020

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was tested for all of the relevant issues in forensic examinations of commercial inks, including classification of pen inks on one paper type and on different paper types, determination of the deposition order of layered inks, and analysis of signatures and toners on one questioned document. The scope of this work was to determine the potential of a single LIBS setup that is compatible with portable instruments for different types of ink analysis, rather than building a very large database for inks and papers. We identified up to seven metals characteristic for the examined inks, which allowed to fully discriminate all eight black inks on one type of printing paper. When the inks were tested on ten different papers, the correct classification rates for some of them were reduced for reasons thoroughly studied and explained. The replicated tests on three crossing points, each one involving a pair of blue or black inks, were successful in five cases out of six. In the test simulating documents of forensic interest (questioned documents), LIBS was able to correctly identify the differences in three inks used for signatures on one of the three pages and the use of different printing inks on each page of the document.

show abstract

“…B. Brandão et al coupled atomic force microscopy and Raman microspectroscopy to characterize the features of both authentic and counterfeited Brazilian drivers licenses and currency banknotes. Johnson et al used both 532‐ and 785‐nm laser wavelengths to differentiate 300 printing inks of different types and colors. They reported that the discriminating abilities of Raman were higher for intaglio printing types followed by inkjet, offset, and toner, though it depended on the combinations of ink types and colors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the criteria for the discrimination of inkjet printer inks using micro‐Raman spectroscopy

Buzzini

Polston

Schackmuth

2018

J Raman Spectroscopy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Inkjet printers are ubiquitous devices in our society. Therefore, it is not surprising that they are used to commit different types of illicit activities such as threats or extortions by means of anonymous letters, frauds in the context of disputed contracts, alterations to or counterfeit of ID documents, or counterfeit of currency banknotes. This latter application is of primary interest in this study, where a method to rapidly develop investigative leads is required. Inkjet printed documents produce microscopic colored dots that can be detected using a microscopical approach in conjunction with Raman spectroscopy. The overall goal of this project is to investigate if Raman data gathered from the three cyan, magenta, and yellow microscopic colored dots constitute, in conjunction, a chemical signature of sufficient discriminating quality to provide reliable investigative leads in a time‐effective and nondestructive manner. In the present phase of this study, the criteria necessary to achieve discriminations between inkjet printer inks from different manufacturers, the same manufacturers, and even the same models have been evaluated on a set of 11 samples. Although Raman spectroscopy is already a relatively well‐established method for the characterization of colorants (both dyes and pigments), this study demonstrates that the contribution of minor peaks within Raman spectra improves the discriminating capabilities of the technique. The joint consideration of the three colored components was also effective in differentiating inkjet printer ink samples, especially those from the same manufacturer and in some instances from the same model as well.

show abstract

The Capability of Raman Microspectroscopy to Differentiate Printing Inks

Cited by 19 publications

References 28 publications

Classification algorithm using halftone features of counterfeit bills and CNN

Classification algorithm using halftone features of counterfeit bills and CNN

Forensic Analysis of Commercial Inks by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)

On the criteria for the discrimination of inkjet printer inks using micro‐Raman spectroscopy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About