The canopy effect in filamentous algae: Improved modeling of Cladophora growth via a mechanistic representation of self-shading

Kuczynski, Anika; Bakshi, Ankita; Auer, Martin T.; Chapra, Steven C.

doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.108906

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Similarly, filter-feeding invasive dreissenid mussels are linked to the widespread resurgence of FABs (primarily of Cladophora ) since the mid-1990s in the Laurentian Great Lakes (box 4 ; Higgins et al 2008 ). Grazing by dreissenids removes phytoplankton and detrital particles from the water column, improving water clarity (Higgins and Vander Zanden 2010 ) and extending the maximum depth and area suitable for Cladophora growth (Winslow et al 2014 , Kuczynski et al 2020 ). Furthermore, waste released by dreissenids on the lake bottom provides nutrients that enhance Cladophora growth and biomass (Auer et al 2010 ).…”

Section: Hypothesis 3: Shifting Biotic Interactions Can Favor Filamentous Algaementioning

confidence: 99%

Blue Waters, Green Bottoms: Benthic Filamentous Algal Blooms Are an Emerging Threat to Clear Lakes Worldwide

Vadeboncoeur¹,

Moore

Stewart

et al. 2021

BioScience

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Nearshore (littoral) habitats of clear lakes with high water quality are increasingly experiencing unexplained proliferations of filamentous algae that grow on submerged surfaces. These filamentous algal blooms (FABs) are sometimes associated with nutrient pollution in groundwater, but complex changes in climate, nutrient transport, lake hydrodynamics, and food web structure may also facilitate this emerging threat to clear lakes. A coordinated effort among members of the public, managers, and scientists is needed to document the occurrence of FABs, to standardize methods for measuring their severity, to adapt existing data collection networks to include nearshore habitats, and to mitigate and reverse this profound structural change in lake ecosystems. Current models of lake eutrophication do not explain this littoral greening. However, a cohesive response to it is essential for protecting some of the world's most valued lakes and the flora, fauna, and ecosystem services they sustain.

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Section: Hypothesis 3: Shifting Biotic Interactions Can Favor Filamentous Algaementioning

confidence: 99%

Blue Waters, Green Bottoms: Benthic Filamentous Algal Blooms Are an Emerging Threat to Clear Lakes Worldwide

Vadeboncoeur¹,

Moore

Stewart

et al. 2021

BioScience

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“…The gross growth rate is calculated as the product of a maximum specific gross growth rate coefficient and functions for light and temperature, f (I,T), and the stored phosphorus content of the alga, f (Q). The value of f (I,T), ranging from 0 to 1, is determined from a three dimensional matrix fit to laboratory measurements of gross photosynthesis [9,83]. The value of f (Q), ranging from 0 to 1, is determined by a fit of the Droop function [84] to paired measurements of the gross growth rate and alga-specific stored P content [81].…”

Section: Glcm V3: the Cladophora Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enhancements made in developing the GLCM v3 include redefinition of the f (I,T) matrices, reformatting of the growth algorithm to accommodate self-shading (canopy effect [9]), determination of rates of phosphorus uptake based on radioisotope measurements, additional paired measurements of growth and stored P content supporting application of the Droop function and implementation of a new physically and physiologically driven sloughing function drawing on the self-shading model and measurements of near bottom current velocities. The GLCM v3 was performance tested [81] using published datasets for Lakes Huron and Michigan [82], Lake Erie [85] and Lake Ontario [25].…”

Section: Glcm V3: the Cladophora Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cladophora glomerata (hereafter Cladophora), is native to the Laurentian Great Lakes and is the most commonly observed member of that system's attached algal community [7]. An ephemeral macroalga, Cladophora grows rapidly through spring and early summer until canopy self-shading and, ultimately, unfavorable light and temperature conditions lead to senescence, detachment and transport of sloughed biomass [8,9]. Where P enrichment stimulates production, algal debris fouls beaches, clogs water intakes [7,10] and poses threats to wildlife (hosting avian botulism [11]) and public health (hosting bacterial pathogens [12]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Management of the Phosphorus–Cladophora Dynamic at a Site on Lake Ontario Using a Multi-Module Bioavailable P Model

Auer

McDonald

Kuczynski

et al. 2021

Water

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The filamentous green alga Cladophora grows to nuisance proportions in Lake Ontario. Stimulated by high phosphorus concentrations, nuisance growth results in the degradation of beaches and clogging of industrial water intakes with attendant loss of beneficial uses. We develop a multi-module bioavailable phosphorus model to examine the efficacy of phosphorus management strategies in mitigating nuisance algal growth. The model platform includes modules simulating hydrodynamics (FVCOM), phosphorus-phytoplankton dynamics (GEM) and Cladophora growth (GLCMv3). The model is applied along a 25 km stretch of the Lake Ontario nearshore, extending east from Toronto, ON and receiving effluent from three wastewater treatment plants. Simulation results identify the Duffin Creek wastewater treatment plant effluent as a driving force for nuisance conditions of Cladophora growth, as reflected in effluent bioavailable phosphorus concentrations and the dimensions of the plant’s phosphorus footprint. Simulation results demonstrate that phosphorus removal by chemically enhanced secondary treatment is insufficient to provide relief from nuisance conditions. Tertiary treatment (chemically enhanced secondary treatment with ballasted flocculation) is shown to eliminate phosphorus-saturated conditions associated with the Duffin Creek wastewater treatment plant effluent, providing local relief from nuisance conditions. Management guidance presented here has wider application at sites along the highly urbanized Canadian nearshore of Lake Ontario.

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“…Biomass accrual is initiated in spring (May) and continues until a peak biomass is reached in mid-summer (July). At this point, the alga enters a period of late summer senescence (August), which continues into fall [1,2]. Nuisance growth of Cladophora has plagued the nearshore area of the Great Lakes for over 80 years [3], depositing mats of detached algal debris that fouls beaches, clogs water intakes, and harbors microbes that pose threats to wildlife (hosting avian botulism; [4]) and the public health (hosting bacterial pathogens; [5]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open Lake Phosphorus Forcing of Cladophora Growth: Modeling the Dual Challenge in Great Lakes Trophic State Management

Zhou

Auer

Xue

2021

Water

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Stimulated by excess levels of phosphorus, the attached, filamentous green alga Cladophora grows to nuisance proportions in Lake Michigan, one of the Laurentian Great Lakes. While nearshore waters impacted by local sources of the nutrient continue to support nuisance conditions, offshore waters have undergone oligotrophication in response to reductions in phosphorus loading and benthification of phosphorus cycling by invasive dreissenid mussels. A concept termed the Dual Challenge recognizes that implementation of more stringent phosphorus-loading objectives (to control Cladophora in the nearshore) stands in conflict with a foreseen need to mitigate oligotrophication in the offshore (to sustain a healthy fishery). Attention to this nearshore–offshore dynamic calls into play the role of cross-margin phosphorus transport in mediating both endmembers of the conflict. We applied a biophysical model simulating soluble reactive (SRP) and particulate (PP) phosphorus, mussel biokinetics, and cross-margin mass transport in addressing the Dual Challenge. Pre- and post-dreissenid monitoring results suggest that a reduction in offshore PP levels (food web nutrition) in excess of 40% (2.4 to 1.4 mgP×m−3) has driven oligotrophication and attendant food web dysfunction. Yet, in the absence of local sources, model-predicted nearshore SRP levels remain at or below those required to prevent nuisance growth. These findings indicate that there is a margin of ~1 mgP×m−3 over which offshore PP levels could be increased (to the benefit of the food web and the fishery) without hindering efforts to reduce nuisance algal growth through local source control.

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The canopy effect in filamentous algae: Improved modeling of Cladophora growth via a mechanistic representation of self-shading

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Blue Waters, Green Bottoms: Benthic Filamentous Algal Blooms Are an Emerging Threat to Clear Lakes Worldwide

Blue Waters, Green Bottoms: Benthic Filamentous Algal Blooms Are an Emerging Threat to Clear Lakes Worldwide

Management of the Phosphorus–Cladophora Dynamic at a Site on Lake Ontario Using a Multi-Module Bioavailable P Model

Open Lake Phosphorus Forcing of Cladophora Growth: Modeling the Dual Challenge in Great Lakes Trophic State Management

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