The Canopy and Aerosol Particles Interactions in TOulouse Urban Layer (CAPITOUL) experiment

Masson, Valéry; Gomès, L.; Pigeon, Grégoire; Liousse, Catherine; Pont, Véronique; Lagouarde, Jean‐Pierre; Voogt, James A.; Salmond, Jennifer; Oke, T. R.; Hidalgo, Julia; Legain, D.; Garrouste, Olivier; Lac, Christine; Connan, O.; Briottet, Xavier; Lachérade, Sophie; Tulet, Pierre

doi:10.1007/s00703-008-0289-4

Cited by 133 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…However, only a few observational campaigns have been based on a trustworthy database of both meteorological and air-quality data (Masson et al 2008). The pioneering works of Zdunkowski et al (1976) and Ackerman (1977) studied for the first time the impact of aerosol SW radiation absorption within the CBL.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The impact of aerosols on the vertical structure of the CBL has been investigated by means of various methodologies: satellite data (Kaufman et al 2002), observations made in experimental campaigns (Angevine et al 1998;Johnson et al 2008;Masson et al 2008), numerical modelling (Cuijpers and Holtslag 1998;Yu et al 2002) and combinations of these techniques (Liu et al 2005;Wong et al 2012). A process study on how aerosol heating by SW-absorbing aerosols influences the turbulent fluxes, surface forcing, vertical structure and heat budget of the CBL is still lacking, however.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of Aerosol Shortwave Radiation Absorption on the Dynamics of an Idealized Convective Atmospheric Boundary Layer

Barbaro

Arellano

Krol

et al. 2013

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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We investigated the impact of aerosol heat absorption on convective atmospheric boundary-layer (CBL) dynamics. Numerical experiments using a large-eddy simulation model enabled us to study the changes in the structure of a dry and shearless CBL in depthequilibrium for different vertical profiles of aerosol heating rates. Our results indicated that aerosol heat absorption decreased the depth of the CBL due to a combination of factors: (i) surface shadowing, reducing the sensible heat flux at the surface and, (ii) the development of a deeper inversion layer, stabilizing the upper CBL depending on the vertical aerosol distribution. Steady-state analytical solutions for CBL depth and potential temperature jump, derived using zero-order mixed-layer theory, agreed well with the large-eddy simulations. An analysis of the entrainment zone heat budget showed that, although the entrainment flux was controlled by the reduction in surface flux, the entrainment zone became deeper and less stably stratified. Therefore, the vertical profile of the aerosol heating rate promoted changes in both the structure and evolution of the CBL. More specifically, when absorbing aerosols were present only at the top of the CBL, we found that stratification at lower levels was the mechanism responsible for a reduction in the vertical velocity and a steeper decay of the turbulent kinetic energy throughout the CBL. The increase in the depth of the inversion layer also modified the potential temperature variance. When aerosols were present we observed that the potential temperature variance became significant already around 0.7z i (where z i is the CBL height) but less intense at the entrainment zone due to the smoother potential temperature vertical gradient.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Aerosol Shortwave Radiation Absorption on the Dynamics of an Idealized Convective Atmospheric Boundary Layer

Barbaro

Arellano

Krol

et al. 2013

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

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“…The CAPITOUL campaign took place from February 2004 to February 2005 in the city of Toulouse, located in southwest France (Masson et al, 2008). Figure 1a shows the location of Toulouse and the elevation levels highlighting the wind corridor from northwest to southeast.…”

Section: The Capitoul Field Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The crosses over the 3rd (c) domain denote the observational network; black and red crosses show the light meteorological stations and the gaseous chemistry stations, respectively. urban processes (Masson et al, 2008). During the year of measurements, several Intensive Observation Period (IOP) were sampled for different meteorological conditions from winter to summer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High resolution modelling of aerosol dispersion regimes during the CAPITOUL field experiment: from regional to local scale interactions

Aouizerats¹,

Tulet

Pigeon³

et al. 2011

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. High resolution simulation of complex aerosol particle evolution and gaseous chemistry over an atmospheric urban area is of great interest for understanding air quality and processes. In this context, the CAPITOUL (Canopy and Aerosol Particle Interactions in the Toulouse Urban Layer) field experiment aims at a better understanding of the interactions between the urban dynamics and the aerosol plumes. During a two-day Intensive Observational Period, a numerical model experiment was set up to reproduce the spatial distribution of specific particle pollutants, from the regional scales and the interactions between different cities, to the local scales with specific turbulent structures. Observations show that local dynamics depends on the day-regime, and may lead to different mesoscale dynamical structures. This study focuses on reproducing these fine scale dynamical structures, and investigate the impact on the aerosol plume dispersion. The 500-m resolution simulation manages to reproduce convective rolls at local scale, which concentrate most of the aerosol particles and can locally affect the pollutant dispersion and air quality.

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“…• Dirk Schuttemeyer "The present setup for the urban experiment in Bonn, Germany"; • Omduth Coceal "Turbulence statistics from DNS and LES -implications for urban canopy models" (Coceal and Belcher, 2004;Coceal et al, 2006Coceal et al, , 2007; • Valery Masson "CAPITOUL experiment: first experimental results and parameterization" Masson et al, 2008); • Fei Chen "Advancing the multi-scale urban modelling in the community mesoscale WRF model: current status and future plan" (Chen et al, 2004Lo et al, 2006); • Bob Bornstein "Urbanization of US meso-scale models" Bornstein et al, 2006).…”

Section: Alexander Baklanovmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meteorological and Air Quality Models for Urban Areas

Baklanov¹,

Grimmond²,

Mahura³

et al. 2009

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Urban features essentially influence atmospheric flow and microclimate, strongly enhance atmospheric turbulence, and modify turbulent transport, dispersion, and deposition of atmospheric pollutants (e.g., Piringer et al., 2007). Increased resolution in numerical weather prediction (NWP) models allows for a more realistic reproduction of urban air flows and air pollution processes, however most of the operational models still do not consider, or consider very poorly, the urban effects. This has triggered new interest in model development and investigation of processes specific to urban areas. Recent developments performed as part of the European project FUMAPEX on integrated systems for forecasting urban meteorology and air pollution (Baklanov et al., 2002(Baklanov et al., , 2005, the US EPA and NCAR communities for MM5 Bornstein et al., 2006;Taha 2008), WRF models , and other relevant studies (see e.g. Baklanov and Grisogono, 2007) have shown many opportunities in the "urbanization" of weather forecasting and atmospheric pollution dispersion models.Atmospheric models for urban areas have different requirements (e.g. relative importance of the urban boundary layer (UBL) and urban surface sublayer (USL) structure) depending on: (i) the scale of the models (global, regional, city, local, micro, etc.); (ii) the functional type of the model, e.g.:• Forecasting or assessment type of models, • Urban or regional climate models, • Research meso-meteorological models, • Numerical weather prediction models, • Atmospheric pollution models (city-scale), • Emergency preparedness models, • Meteo-preprocessors (or post-processors).A wide range of approaches have been taken to incorporating urban characteristics. In addition there are a wide range of processes which includes: characteristics of the urban canopy sublayer, components of urban surface energy balance (net radiation, sensible and latent heat fluxes, storage heat flux, etc.), and water v vi Introduction to the Problem and Aims transport. This results in a wide range of models (e.g., Brown and Williams, 1998;Oke et al., 1999;Grimmond and Oke, 1999;Kusaka et al., 2001; Masson, 2000;Dupont, 2001;Martilli et al., 2002). Most urban NWP or meso-meteorological models modify the existing non-urban approaches (e.g., the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory, MOST) for urban areas by parameterisation or finding proper values for the effective roughness lengths, displacement height, and heat fluxes, including the anthropogenic heat flux, heat storage capacity, albedo and emissivity change, etc. The main limitation is when there is a need to resolve meteorological profiles within the urban canopy, where the MOST assumption of a constant flux surface layer is invalid. This is obviously important as it is a layer into which pollutants are emitted and in which people live. The sophistication of urbanization within research mesoscale models has increased during the last 10 years, starting with the work of Brown and Williams (1998), which included urban effects in their TKE scheme. Masson ...

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The Canopy and Aerosol Particles Interactions in TOulouse Urban Layer (CAPITOUL) experiment

Cited by 133 publications

References 49 publications

Impacts of Aerosol Shortwave Radiation Absorption on the Dynamics of an Idealized Convective Atmospheric Boundary Layer

Impacts of Aerosol Shortwave Radiation Absorption on the Dynamics of an Idealized Convective Atmospheric Boundary Layer

High resolution modelling of aerosol dispersion regimes during the CAPITOUL field experiment: from regional to local scale interactions

Meteorological and Air Quality Models for Urban Areas

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