The cancellous bone of the iliac crest

Wakamatsu, Eikichi; Sissons, H. A.

doi:10.1007/bf02279116

Cited by 134 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Fortunately, considerable insight into three-dimensional structure is possible by making better use of the two-dimensional information available in thin sections and by applying the principles of stereology (13)(14)(15), which require only that perimeter and area measurements in a section are made on the same structures at the same magnification, and that the measurement device is calibrated. Using this approach, we confirmed and extended earlier reports that, in the normal bone loss of aging, entire structural elements are removed, with increased separation between, but little change in the thickness of, those remaining (13,(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), and we show for the first time that these structural characteristics are more evident in patients with osteoporosis and fractures, a fact with important implications for the cellular mechanism involved.…”

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confidence: 88%

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Relationships between surface, volume, and thickness of iliac trabecular bone in aging and in osteoporosis. Implications for the microanatomic and cellular mechanisms of bone loss.

et al. 1983

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A B S T R A C T We devised a new method for examining the structural changes that occur in trabecular bone in aging and in osteoporosis. With simultaneous measurement of total perimeter and bone area in thin sections, indirect indices of mean trabecular plate thickness (MTPT) and mean trabecular plate density (MTPD) can be derived, such that trabecular bone volume = MTPD X MTPT. MTPD is an index of the probability that a scanning or test line will intersect a structural element of bone, and is the reciprocal of the mean distance between the midpoints of structural elements, multiplied by 7r/2. We applied this method to iliac bone samples from 78 normal subjects, 100 patients with vertebral fracture, and 50 patients with hip fracture. The reduction in trabecular bone volume observed in normal subjects with increasing age was mainly due to a reduction in plate density, with no significant decrease in plate thickness. The further reduction in trabecular bone volume observed in patients with osteoporotic vertebral fracture was mainly due to a further reduction in plate density. There was a relatively smaller reduction in plate thickness that was statistically significant in males but not in females. Only in patients with hip fracture did trabecular thinning contribute substantially to the additional loss of trabecular bone in osteoporosis relative to age. These data indicate that age-related bone loss occurs principally by a process that removes entire structural elements of bone; those that remain are more widely sep-

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supporting

confidence: 88%

“…Second, there would be progressive accumulation of plates that were thinner than normal plates, representing the transitional stages before complete removal (Fig. 8 A) (17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between surface, volume, and thickness of iliac trabecular bone in aging and in osteoporosis. Implications for the microanatomic and cellular mechanisms of bone loss.

et al. 1983

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“…Several techniques are now in use to analyze trabecular microarchitecture. Direct (44,45) and indirect (32,46) measurement of trabecular plate thickness, separation, and number have been used extensively. Less common methods to measure marrow and trabecular star volume (47) and trabecular bone pattern factors (48) are also available.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of cancellous bone mass and connectivity in ovariectomized rats can be restored by combined treatment with parathyroid hormone and estradiol.

Shen¹,

Dempster²,

Birchman³

et al. 1993

J. Clin. Invest.

172

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To evaluate the potential use of a combination of antiresorption and bone formation-promoting agents as a treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis, we examined the effects of combined and separate administration of estrogen ( 17,8-estradiol, 30 ;Lg/ kg per d, s.c.) and parathyroid hormone (rPTH 40 ;&g/ kg per d, s.c.) on the proximal tibia of ovariectomized (Ovx) rats. The treatments lasted for 4 wk and were initiated 1, 3, and 5 wk after surgery. Ovx resulted in rapid loss of cancellous bone volume (Cn-BV/TV) as well as trabecular connectivity, as determined by two dimensional strut analysis. When administered in a preventive mode, treatment beginning I wk postOvx, estrogen or PTH treatment alone preserved Cn-BV/TV and trabecular connectivity, and combined estrogen and PTH treatment caused a 40% increment in Cn-BV/TV while maintaining comparable trabecular connectivity with that seen in the Sham-operated animals. When administered in a curative mode to rats with established osteoporosis, treatments beginning 3 or 5 wk post-Ovx, estrogen or PTH treatment alone prevented further loss of connectivity and Cn-BV/TV, whereas the combined treatment resulted in as much as a 300% improvement in one of the parameters of trabecular connectivity, node to node strut length, and a 106% increase in Cn-BV/TV, with respect to the bone status at the initiation of treatment. The beneficial effects of this combined treatment derive from estrogen's ability to prevent accelerated bone resorption and, simultaneously, PTH's promotion of bone formation. These data demonstrate, in an animal model, that therapies can be devised to cure the skeletal defects associated with established osteoporosis. (J.

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“…Bone intrinsically has a three-dimensional (3D) structure, but due to difficulties in measuring and comparing 3D properties, 2D quantitative measurements of bone structure (also known as histomorphometric measurements) are widely used in bone research [37][38][39][40][41][42]. Mechanical testing of bone requires large efforts to prepare bone specimens and tremendous time to manually count microcracks [21].…”

Section: A Two Dimensional Methods For Estimating Damage Tolerance: Bimentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancellous bone lamellae strongly affect microcrack propagation and apparent mechanical properties: Separation of patients with osteoporotic fracture from normal controls using a 2D nonlinear finite element method (biomechanical stereology)

Wang

Zauel

Rao

et al. 2008

Bone

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Biomechanical stereology is proposed as a two-dimensional (2D) finite element (FE) method to estimate the ability of bone tissue to sustain damage and to separate patients with osteoporotic fracture from normal controls. Briefly, 2D nonlinear compact tension FE models were created from quantitative back scattered electron images taken of iliac crest bone specimens collected from the individuals with or without osteoporotic fracture history. The effects of bone mineral microstructure on predicted bone fracture toughness and microcrack propagation were examined. The 2D FE models were used as surrogates for the real bone tissues. The calculated microcrack propagation results and bone mechanical properties were examined as surrogates for measurements from mechanical testing of actual specimens. The results for the 2D FE simulation separated patients with osteoporotic fracture from normal controls even though only the variability in tissue mineral microstructure was used to build the models. The models were deliberately created to ignore all differences in mean mineralization. Hence, the current results support the following hypotheses: (1) that material heterogeneity is important to the separation of patients with osteoporotic fracture from normal controls and; and (2) that 2D nonlinear finite element modeling can produce surrogate mechanical parameters that separate patients with fracture from normal controls.

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The cancellous bone of the iliac crest

Cited by 134 publications

References 13 publications

Relationships between surface, volume, and thickness of iliac trabecular bone in aging and in osteoporosis. Implications for the microanatomic and cellular mechanisms of bone loss.

Relationships between surface, volume, and thickness of iliac trabecular bone in aging and in osteoporosis. Implications for the microanatomic and cellular mechanisms of bone loss.

Loss of cancellous bone mass and connectivity in ovariectomized rats can be restored by combined treatment with parathyroid hormone and estradiol.

Cancellous bone lamellae strongly affect microcrack propagation and apparent mechanical properties: Separation of patients with osteoporotic fracture from normal controls using a 2D nonlinear finite element method (biomechanical stereology)

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