The Cambridge encyclopedia of human paleopathology

Aufderheide, Arthur C.; Rodríguez-Martín, Conrado; Langsjoen, Odin

doi:10.5860/choice.36-2492

Cited by 159 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…These cases show extensive frontal sinus pneumatization, enlarged sella turcica ( 24 ), large sphenoidal and maxillary sinuses, increased thickness of the frontal and occipital cranial vault ( 25 ), and reduced posterior fossa ( 26 ). Acromegaly starts to develop after epiphyses fusion; therefore, the cranial cavity is usually not enlarged due to the already ossified centres, with simultaneous changes in the facial bones and mandibular lengthening ( 27 ). The human skull is an integrated structure where the relationship between the facial skeleton (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Internal Cranial Anatomy of a Female With Endocrine Disorders From a Mediaeval Population

Kubicka¹,

Charlier²,

Balzeau³

2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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Gigantism and acromegaly have been observed in past populations; however, analyses usually focus on the morphological features of the post-cranial skeleton. The aim of this study is to characterize the internal anatomical features of the skull (brain endocast anatomy and asymmetry, frontal pneumatization, cranial thickness, sella turcica size) of an adult individual from the 11-14th centuries with these two diseases, in comparison with non-pathological individuals from the same population. The material consisted of 33 adult skulls from a mediaeval population, one of them belonging to an adult female with endocrine disorders (OL-23/77). Based on the CT scans, the internal cranial anatomy was analysed. The sella turcica of OL-23/77 is much larger than in the comparative sample. The endocast of the individual OL-23/77 shows a left frontal/left occipital petalia, while the comparative population mostly had right frontal/left occipital petalias. The asymmetry in petalia location in OL-23/77 comes within the range of variation observed in the comparative population. The individual has high values for cranial thickness. The frontal sinuses of the specimen analysed are similar in size and shape to the comparative sample only for data scaled to the skull length. Enlarged sella turcica is typical for individuals with acromegaly/gigantism. The pattern of the left frontal/left occipital petalia in the specimen OL-23/77 is quite rare. The position of the endocranial petalias has not influenced the degree of asymmetry in the specimen. Despite the large bone thickness values, skull of OL-23/77 does not show any abnormal features. The skull/endocast relationship in this individual shows some peculiarities in relation to its large size, while other internal anatomical features are within the normal range of variation of the comparative sample.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Internal Cranial Anatomy of a Female With Endocrine Disorders From a Mediaeval Population

Kubicka¹,

Charlier²,

Balzeau³

2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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Progress in Soft Tissue Paleopathology

Aufderheide

2000

JAMA

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Subadult health and disease in prehistoric Tonga, Polynesia

Buckley

2000

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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This article focuses on the differential diagnosis of pathologic lesions recorded on the limbs and crania of 17 subadults from two pre-European burial mounds in Tonga, western Polynesia. All affected subadults were between the ages of 6 months and 3 years at death. The lesions described consist primarily of subperiosteal new bone deposition on the limbs and endocranial surface. However, the presence of cribra orbitalia in a number of individuals indicates concurrent iron-deficiency anaemia. A differential diagnosis of haematogenous osteomyelitis, congenital syphilis, yaws, scurvy, hypervitaminosis A, trauma, Caffey's disease, and iron-deficiency anaemia is discussed. It was concluded that the most likely cause for the lesions observed is a synergistic relation between infection (weanling diarrhoea, yaws) and metabolic disease (scurvy and possibly hypervitaminosis A). Trauma is not ruled out as contributing to the development of some pathologic lesions. It is concluded that, in the Pacific Islands at least, multiple causes for skeletal pathology in subadults should be considered rather than a single aetiology.

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The Cambridge encyclopedia of human paleopathology

Cited by 159 publications

References 0 publications

The Internal Cranial Anatomy of a Female With Endocrine Disorders From a Mediaeval Population

The Internal Cranial Anatomy of a Female With Endocrine Disorders From a Mediaeval Population

Progress in Soft Tissue Paleopathology

Subadult health and disease in prehistoric Tonga, Polynesia

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