It is sometimes assumed that genetics, together with other biological sciences, makes Christian belief increasingly irrelevant and untenable. However, conflict is not the only way of conceiving the relationship between biosciences and Christianity, as an exploration of the three key issues shows. First, genetic and theological explanations of the natural world need not be in competition with each other. Second, Christian understandings of personal identity can incorporate an understanding of genetic influences without being undermined by it. Third, a deterministic account of behaviour incorporating genetic and environmental influences does not deny the possibility of genuine free will and responsibility, but a Christian understanding of sin and salvation will, in any case, reframe debates about free will and responsibility. An exploration of these issues suggests that the relationship between genetics and Christian theology is best understood as some kind of dialogue, in which each has gifts to offer the other.
Key Concepts:
The relationship between genetics and Christianity is not necessarily one of inevitable conflict: other possibilities include independence, dialogue and integration.
Some form of dialogue is the most satisfactory way to think of the relationship between Christianity and genetics.
Explanation of the natural world is not a zero‐sum game: science deals mostly with ‘efficient’ causes, whereas religious explanations are often concerned with ‘formal’ and ‘final’ causes.
Traditionally, Christians have thought of personal identity in terms of the soul, though alternative accounts of human personhood such as ‘nonreductive physicalism’ are also proposed by theologians in dialogue with the biosciences.
Even a deterministic account of human thought and behaviour would not exclude the possibility of genuine freedom and moral responsibility, but in any case this discussion is complicated and enriched by a Christian account of sin and salvation.
Dialogue with genetics and other biological sciences can help Christian theology understand more fully what it means for humans to be physically embodied creatures.
Genetics, like other sciences, raises ethical questions that it does not in itself have the moral resources to address, and Christianity has resources of moral wisdom to offer for deliberation on these questions.