The California TEAM study: Breath concentrations and personal exposures to 26 volatile compounds in air and drinking water of 188 residents of Los Angeles, Antioch, and Pittsburg, CA

Wallace, Lance; Pellizzari, Edo D.; Hartwell, Tyler; Whitmore, Roy; Zelon, Harvey; Perritt, Rebecca; Sheldon, Linda

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(88)90125-4

Cited by 92 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…At the present stage, the most reliable information on personal exposure will be obtained by personal monitoring in which the pollutants of interest are measured close to the breathing zone of a person. In previous studies dealing with personal monitoring ( Wallace et al, 1988( Wallace et al, , 1991Proctor et al, 1991 ) only 24-h exposures were analysed. Wallace et al ( 1994 ) stated that such short -term measurements are not suitable to estimate long -term distributions of exposure to most of the analysed VOCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The German Environmental Survey 1990/92 (GerES II): Sources of personal exposure to volatile organic compounds

Hoffmann

Krause

Seifert

et al. 2000

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The German Environmental Survey 1990/92 (GerES II): Sources of personal exposure to volatile organic compounds

Hoffmann

Krause

Seifert

et al. 2000

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The focus of the questions was further restricted to the non -smoking, non-occupationally exposed individuals in Region V. Several studies have shown that exposures to benzene from active cigarette smoking (Wallace, 1989;Wallace et al, 1988;Thomas et al, 1993 ) and from occupational settings (MacIntosh et al, 1995b ) can account for the highest benzene exposures among the population. Unless separated from the analysis, benzene exposures from these sources would obscure attempts to understand benzene exposures from other potential sources of interest.…”

Section: Identification Of Issues For Expert Inputmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of expert judgment in exposure assessment. Part I. Characterization of personal exposure to benzene

Walker

Evans

MacIntosh

2001

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents the results of the first phase of a study, conducted as an element of the National Human Exposure Assessment Survey ( NHEXAS ) , to demonstrate the use of expert subjective judgment elicitation techniques to characterize the magnitude of and uncertainty in environmental exposure to benzene. In decisions about the value of exposure research or of regulatory controls, the characterization of uncertainty can play an influential role. Classical methods for characterizing uncertainty may be sufficient when adequate amounts of relevant data are available. Frequently, however, data are neither abundant nor directly relevant, making it necessary to rely to varying degrees on subjective judgment. Since the 1950s, methods to elicit and quantify subjective judgments have been explored but have rarely been applied to the field of environmental exposure assessment. In this phase of the project, seven experts in benzene exposure assessment were selected through a peer nomination process, participated in a 2 -day workshop, and were interviewed individually to elicit their judgments about the distributions of residential ambient, residential indoor, and personal air benzene concentrations ( 6 -day integrated average ) experienced by both the non -smoking, non -occupationally exposed target and study populations of the US EPA Region V pilot study. Specifically, each expert was asked to characterize, in probabilistic form, the arithmetic means and the 90th percentiles of these distributions. This paper presents the experts' judgments about the concentrations of benzene encountered by the target population. The experts' judgments about levels of benzene in personal air were demonstrative of patterns observed in the judgments about the other distributions. They were in closest agreement about their predictions of the mean; with one exception, their best estimates of the mean fell within 7 -11 g / m 3 although they exhibited striking differences in the degree of uncertainty expressed. Their estimates of the 90th percentile were more varied with the best estimates ranging from 12 to 26 g / m 3 for all but one expert. However, their predictions of the 90th percentile were far more uncertain. The paper demonstrates that coherent subjective judgments can be elicited from exposure assessment scientists and critically examines the challenges and potential benefits of a subjective judgment approach. The results of the second phase of the project, in which measurements from the NHEXAS field study in Region V are used to calibrate the experts' judgments about the benzene exposures in the study population, will be presented in a second paper.

show abstract

“…Most of these studies rely upon 24 -h recall or diary methods to collect behavior data for a single day from each respondent (Wallace et al, 1985(Wallace et al, , 1988Robinson, 1988;Wiley and Robinson, 1991 ). Longitudinal data on relevant contact rates are required to perform chronic pesticide exposure and risk assessments, however, few such data are available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal patterns of activities potentially related to pesticide exposure

2001

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Longitudinal information on human activity patterns is required to perform reliable assessments of chronic exposure to pesticides in nonoccupational settings. As part of a longitudinal, multimedia exposure survey in Maryland, USA, we collected 2521 person -days of information on the frequency of five activities that are potentially important to pesticide exposure in residential settings: preparation of pesticides; application of pesticides; contact with soil on the skin; contact with grass on the skin; and contact with carpet. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the data for variability by time of year, day of week, and several demographic factors. Eight percent of the population reported preparing pesticides on at least one occasion over the year, while 24% of the population applied pesticides at least once. The majority of the population reported contact with soil ( 68% ), grass ( 72% ), and carpet ( 64% ) over the course of a year. Skin contact with soil and grass was found to occur approximately twice as frequently ( p < 0.001 ) in spring and summer periods than in fall and winter periods. Similarly, contact with soil and grass was about 50% ( p < 0.05 ) more likely to occur on weekend days than on weekdays. These results indicate that short -term measurements ( e.g., 1 -day or 1 -week ) of these activities for an individual may not be equivalent to long -term average patterns. We also found that selected demographic characteristics were significant predictors of several of these activities. Thus, some demographic characteristics may be useful in categorizing exposure although it is unlikely that a single short -term measurement will suffice to describe annual average activity or multiple short -term activity periods.

show abstract

The California TEAM study: Breath concentrations and personal exposures to 26 volatile compounds in air and drinking water of 188 residents of Los Angeles, Antioch, and Pittsburg, CA

Cited by 92 publications

References 6 publications

The German Environmental Survey 1990/92 (GerES II): Sources of personal exposure to volatile organic compounds

The German Environmental Survey 1990/92 (GerES II): Sources of personal exposure to volatile organic compounds

Use of expert judgment in exposure assessment. Part I. Characterization of personal exposure to benzene

Temporal patterns of activities potentially related to pesticide exposure

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About