The calibration unit and detector system tests for MUSE

Kelz, Andreas; Bauer, Svend M.; Biswas, I.; Fechner, Thomas; Hahn, T.; Olaya, Jean-Christophe; Popow, Emil; Roth, Martin; Streicher, O.; Weilbacher, Peter M.; Bacon, Roland; Laurent, Florence; Laux, U.; Lizon, Jean Louis; Loupias, M.; Reiss, Roland; Rupprecht, G.

doi:10.1117/12.856963

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…A Calibration Tool which is a propotype of MUSE Calibration Unit [3]. It is composed of 2 spectral lamps (Mercury-Cadmium and Neon) and a continuum source.…”

Section: Spectrograph and Detector Vesselmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A detailed description of MUSE and its scientific applications are presented by Bacon et al and Loupias et al during this conference ( [1] and [2]). The MUSE instrument is composed of a Calibration Unit [3], a Fore-Optic which includes an optical derotator and an anamorphoser by 2, a splitting optics cutting the FoV in 24 parts and 24 relay optics [4] which feed 24 identical IFU. Each IFU is composed of an original advanced image slicer associated with a high-throughput spectrograph with a Volume Phase Holographic Grating (VPGH) and a 4k×4k CCD detector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MUSE integral field unit: test results on the first out of 24

et al. 2010

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MUSE (Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer) is a second generation VLT panoramic integral field spectrograph developed for the European Southern Observatory (ESO), operating in the visible wavelength range (0.465-0.93 μm). It is composed of 24 identical Integral Field Units (IFU); each one incorporates an advanced image slicer associated with a classical spectrograph and a detector vessel. The Image Slicer subsystem -ISS-is composed of two mirror arrays of 48 spherical elements each. It is made of Zerodur and uses an innovative polishing approach where all individual components are polished together by classical method. The MUSE Spectrograph -SPS-, with fast output focal ratio of f/1.95, implements a Volume Phase Holographic Grating -VPHG. The last subsystem, the Detector Vessel -DVincludes a chip of 4k by 4k 15µm pixels supported by a Vacuum and Cryogenic System -VCS -provided by ESO. The first out of 24 IFUs for MUSE instrument has been manufactured, aligned and tested last months. First, this paper describes the optical design, the manufacturing and test results (image quality, pupil and field of view positioning) of each subsystem independently. Second, we will focus on overall system performance (image quality and positioning) of the spectrograph associated with the detector vessel. At the end, the test results (image quality, positioning, throughput, mechanical interfaces) of the first IFU for MUSE instrument will be reported. Most of them are compliant with requirements that it demonstrates that the manufacturing, integration, alignment and tests processes are mature and gives good confidence for serial production by 24 times applied to MUSE instrument.

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“…A Calibration Tool which is a propotype of MUSE Calibration Unit [3]. It is composed of 2 spectral lamps (Mercury-Cadmium and Neon) and a continuum source.…”

Section: Spectrograph and Detector Vesselmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MUSE integral field unit: test results on the first out of 24

et al. 2010

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“…In this resolution range, the comb line spacing typically varies from 1 GHz to 25 GHz 10,11 . Such novel instruments like PMAS at the Caral Alto Observatory 3.5 m Telescope, MUSE being developed for the Very Large Telescope (VLT) of the European Southern Observatory (ESO), and 4MOST being in development for the ESO VISTA 4.1 m Telescope operate, however, in the low-and medium resolution range and need OFC having line spacings going from slightly below 100 GHz to a few hundreds of GHz [12][13][14] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soliton radiation beat analysis of optical pulses generated from two continuous-wave lasers

Zajnulina

Böhm

Blow

et al. 2015

Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science

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We propose a fibre-based approach for generation of optical frequency combs (OFC) with the aim of calibration of astronomical spectrographs in the low and medium-resolution range. This approach includes two steps: in the first step, an appropriate state of optical pulses is generated and subsequently moulded in the second step delivering the desired OFC. More precisely, the first step is realised by injection of two continuous-wave (CW) lasers into a conventional single-mode fibre, whereas the second step generates a broad OFC by using the optical solitons generated in step one as initial condition. We investigate the conversion of a bichromatic input wave produced by two initial CW lasers into a train of optical solitons which happens in the fibre used as step one. Especially, we are interested in the soliton content of the pulses created in this fibre. For that, we study different initial conditions (a single cosine-hump, an Akhmediev breather, and a deeply modulated bichromatic wave) by means of Soliton Radiation Beat Analysis and compare the results to draw conclusion about the soliton content of the state generated in the first step. In case of a deeply modulated bichromatic wave, we observed the formation of a collective soliton crystal for low input powers and the appearance of separated solitons for high input powers. An intermediate state showing the features of both, the soliton crystal and the separated solitons, turned out to be most suitable for the generation of OFC for the purpose of calibration of astronomical spectrographs.Optical frequency combs constitute a discrete optical spectrum with lines that are equidistantly positioned. Frequency combs generated in modelocked lasers have been proposed and already successfully tested as calibration sources for high-resolution astronomical spectrographs. However, there is a variety of novel astronomical instruments that operate in the low-and medium resolution range. They also would profit from the deployment of frequency combs as calibration marks. We propose a fibre-based approach for optical frequency comb generation that is specifically suitable for spectrographs with low and medium resolution. This approach consists of two fibres fed with two continuouswave lasers. To be able to generate broadband, stable, and low-noise frequency combs, we need to understand the optical pulse formation in different fibre stages. In this paper, we focus our attention on the pulse build-up in the first fibre stage of the proposed approach and study it numerically by means of the Soliton Radiation Beat Analysis.

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“…What has as yet not been widely appreciated is the fact that even low-to medium-resolution spectroscopy would gain significant benefits from the use of OFCs as calibration marks. The low-or medium-resolution OFCs can be deployed for such existing or novel instruments as PMAS, MUSE, 4MOST, a future Multiobject-Instrument for the E-ELT (ELT-MOS), etc 11,12,13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of optical frequency combs in fibres: an optical pulse analysis

Zajnulina

Böhm

Blow

et al. 2014

Advances in Optical and Mechanical Technologies for Telescopes and Instrumentation

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The innovation of optical frequency combs (OFCs) generated in passive mode-locked lasers has provided astronomy with unprecedented accuracy for wavelength calibration in high-resolution spectroscopy in research areas such as the discovery of exoplanets or the measurement of fundamental constants. The unique properties of OCFs, namely a highly dense spectrum of uniformly spaced emission lines of nearly equal intensity over the nominal wavelength range, is not only beneficial for high-resolution spectroscopy. Also in the low-to medium-resolution domain, the OFCs hold the promise to revolutionise the calibration techniques. Here, we present a novel method for generation of OFCs. As opposed to the mode-locked laser-based approach that can be complex, costly, and difficult to stabilise, we propose an all optical fibre-based system that is simple, compact, stable, and low-cost. Our system consists of three optical fibres where the first one is a conventional single-mode fibre, the second one is an erbium-doped fibre and the third one is a highly nonlinear low-dispersion fibre. The system is pumped by two equally intense continuous-wave (CW) lasers. To be able to control the quality and the bandwidth of the OFCs, it is crucial to understand how optical solitons arise out of the initial modulated CW field in the first fibre. Here, we numerically investigate the pulse evolution in the first fibre using the technique of the solitons radiation beat analysis. Having applied this technique, we realised that formation of higherorder solitons is supported in the low-energy region, whereas, in the high-energy region, Kuznetsov-Ma solitons appear.

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The calibration unit and detector system tests for MUSE

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

MUSE integral field unit: test results on the first out of 24

MUSE integral field unit: test results on the first out of 24

Soliton radiation beat analysis of optical pulses generated from two continuous-wave lasers

Generation of optical frequency combs in fibres: an optical pulse analysis

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