The calibration of optical backscatter sensors for suspended sediment of varying darkness levels

Sutherland, Tara D.; Lane, Pierre; Amos, Carl L.; Downing, John P.

doi:10.1016/s0025-3227(99)00080-8

Cited by 109 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…All SPM concentrations obtained from water samples (SPM filter ) ≤ 0.3mg L −1 were set to 0.3 mg L −1 , as the elutable portion of the used filters (MILLIPORE Durapore membrane filters ∅ 0.45 microns) is <0.3 mg L −1 . All turbidity measurements were correlated with corresponding in situ water samples to obtain accuracy by taking the effects of different mineralogy, varying particle darkness, and salinity of ambient water on the response of the turbidity meter into account (Maa et al, 1992;Sutherland et al, 2000).…”

Section: Suspended Matter and Turbidity Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides SPM concentration, sediment size has a secondary effect on the backscatter signal (e.g. Sutherland et al, 2000;Downing, 2006). For silty sediments, the optical backscatter is about one-tenth higher than for sandy sediments (Sutherland et al, 2000;Downing, 2006).…”

Section: Interannual Variability Of Optical Water Column Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sutherland et al, 2000;Downing, 2006). For silty sediments, the optical backscatter is about one-tenth higher than for sandy sediments (Sutherland et al, 2000;Downing, 2006). The absorption of light by colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) might additionally affect the measured voltage of the turbidity meters due to the reduced light energy incident on scattering particles, as well as backscattered intensity (Downing, 2006).…”

Section: Interannual Variability Of Optical Water Column Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interannual variability of surface and bottom sediment transport on the Laptev Sea shelf during summer

et al. 2013

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Sediment transport dynamics were studied during ice-free conditions under different atmospheric circulation regimes on the Laptev Sea shelf (Siberian Arctic). To study the interannual variability of suspended particulate matter (SPM) dynamics and their coupling with the variability in surface river water distribution on the Laptev Sea shelf, detailed oceanographic, optical (turbidity and Ocean Color satellite data), and hydrochemical (nutrients, SPM, stable oxygen isotopes) process studies were carried out continuously during the summers of 2007 and 2008. Thus, for the first time SPM and nutrient variations on the Laptev Sea shelf under different atmospheric forcing and the implications for the turbidity and transparency of the water column can be presented. <br><br> The data indicate a clear link between different surface distributions of riverine waters and the SPM transport dynamics within the entire water column. The summer of 2007 was dominated by shoreward winds and an eastward transport of riverine surface waters. The surface SPM concentration on the southeastern inner shelf was elevated, which led to decreased transmissivity and increased light absorption. Surface SPM concentrations in the central and northern Laptev Sea were comparatively low. However, the SPM transport and concentration within the bottom nepheloid layer increased considerably on the entire eastern shelf. The summer of 2008 was dominated by offshore winds and northward transport of the river plume. The surface SPM transport was enhanced and extended onto the mid-shelf, whereas the bottom SPM transport and concentration was diminished. This study suggests that the SPM concentration and transport, in both the surface and bottom nepheloid layers, are associated with the distribution of riverine surface waters which are linked to the atmospheric circulation patterns over the Laptev Sea and the adjacent Arctic Ocean during the open water season. A continuing trend toward shoreward winds, weaker stratification and higher SPM concentration throughout the water column might have severe consequences for the ecosystem on the Laptev Sea shelf

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Section: Suspended Matter and Turbidity Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interannual Variability Of Optical Water Column Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interannual Variability Of Optical Water Column Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interannual variability of surface and bottom sediment transport on the Laptev Sea shelf during summer

et al. 2013

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“…Particle size, shape, composition, bubbles, biological fouling, and color can impact the amount of light scattered and the accuracy of the turbidity measurement (Sutherland et al 2000;Downing 2006). Microorganism activity can also increase uncertainty in the estimation of suspended sediment concentration (Rasmussen et al 2009).…”

Section: Continuous Tidal Water Fluxes and Suspended Sediment Concentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Balanced Sediment Fluxes in Southern California’s Mediterranean-Climate Zone Salt Marshes

Rosencranz

Ganju

Ambrose

et al. 2015

Estuaries and Coasts

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Salt marsh elevation and geomorphic stability depends on mineral sedimentation. Many Mediterraneanclimate salt marshes along southern California, USA coast import sediment during El Niño storm events, but sediment fluxes and mechanisms during dry weather are potentially important for marsh stability. We calculated tidal creek sediment fluxes within a highly modified, sediment-starved, 1.5-km 2 salt marsh (Seal Beach) and a less modified 1-km 2 marsh (Mugu) with fluvial sediment supply. We measured salt marsh plain suspended sediment concentration and vertical accretion using single stage samplers and marker horizons. At Seal Beach, a 2014 storm yielded 39 and 28 g/s mean sediment fluxes and imported 12,000 and 8800 kg in a western and eastern channel. Western channel storm imports offset 8700 kg exported during 2 months of dry weather, while eastern channel storm imports augmented 9200 kg imported during dry weather. During the storm at Mugu, suspended sediment concentrations on the marsh plain increased by a factor of four; accretion was 1-2 mm near creek levees. An exceptionally high tide sequence yielded 4.4 g/s mean sediment flux, importing 1700 kg: 20 % of Mugu's dry weather fluxes. Overall, low sediment fluxes were observed, suggesting that these salt marshes are geomorphically stable during dry weather conditions. Results suggest storms and high lunar tides may play large roles, importing sediment and maintaining dry weather sediment flux balances for southern California salt marshes. However, under future climate change and sea level rise scenarios, results suggest that balanced sediment fluxes lead to marsh elevational instability based on estimated mineral sediment deficits.

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“…Field calibration of optical sensors for measuring suspended sediment concentration in the western Mediterranean* 1999; Sutherland et al, 2000). For these reasons careful calibration and interpretation are required.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Field calibration of optical sensors for measuring suspended sediment concentration in the western Mediterranean

et al. 2000

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SUMMARY:The water turbidity measured with optical methods (transmittance and backscattering) is usually expressed as beam attenuation coefficient (BAC) or formazin turbidity units (FTU). The transformation of these units to volumetric suspended sediment concentration (SSC) units is not straightforward, and accurate calibrations are required in order to obtain valuable information on suspended sediment distributions and fluxes. In this paper, data from field calibrations between BAC, FTU and SSC are presented and "best-fit" calibration curves are shown. These calibrations represent an "average" from different marine environments of the western Mediterranean (from estuary to continental slope). However, the general curves can only be applied for descriptive or semi-quantitative purposes. Comparison of turbidity measurements using the same sensor with different calibration ranges shows the advantage of simultaneously combining two instruments calibrated in different ranges when significant changes in suspended sediment concentrations are expected.

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The calibration of optical backscatter sensors for suspended sediment of varying darkness levels

Cited by 109 publications

References 30 publications

Interannual variability of surface and bottom sediment transport on the Laptev Sea shelf during summer

Interannual variability of surface and bottom sediment transport on the Laptev Sea shelf during summer

Balanced Sediment Fluxes in Southern California’s Mediterranean-Climate Zone Salt Marshes

Field calibration of optical sensors for measuring suspended sediment concentration in the western Mediterranean

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