The Calcium Requirements of Laying Hens and Effects of Dietary Oyster Shell Upon Egg Shell Quality

Scott, M. L.; Hull, S. J.; Mullenhoff, P. A.

doi:10.3382/ps.0501055

Cited by 157 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Different particle sizes limestone had no effect (P >0.05) on any of the tested parameters during late production. These results are contrary to that of Scott et al (1971), Brister et al (1981) and Koreleski & Swiatkiewicz (2004) who reported that larger particles Ca supplements had generally an ameliorating effect on eggshell quality. These authors suggested that the prolonged exposure time of large particles Ca supplements to HCl acid in the gizzard, due to their slower transit time, resulted in an increased dissociation of CaCO 3 into bio-available Ca 2+ that could be utilized by the fowl for eggshell calcification as well as replenishment of medullary bone reserves.…”

contrasting

confidence: 57%

“…Eggshell formation normally occurs during night time, when no feed consumption occurs, emphasizing the birds dependence on intestinal and skeletal calcium (Ca) reserves for shell calcification. Scott et al (1971), Brister et al (1981) and Farmer et al (1986) suggested that the prolonged retention time of larger particles limestone in the acidic environment of the gizzard would provide more available ionic calcium (Ca 2+ ) during night-time, which could be utilized for eggshell calcification. Consequently, the maintenance of adequate Ca reserves in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) would reduce the dependency on skeletal Ca for eggshell formation, thereby limiting the mobilization of medullary Ca reserves (Farmer et al, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of limestone particle size on egg production and eggshell quality of hens during late production

et al. 2010

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________________________________________________________________________________ AbstractA study was conducted to determine the influence of different particle size limestone in layer diets on egg production and eggshell quality during the later stages of egg production (>54 weeks of age). Calcitic limestone (360 g Ca/kg), consisting of small (<1.0 mm), medium (1.0 -2.0 mm) and large (2.0 -3.8 mm) particles were obtained from a specific South African source that is extensively used in poultry diets Isoenergetic (14.32 MJ AME/kg DM) and isonitrogenous (172.01 g CP/kg DM) diets with a dietary Ca content of 39.95 g Ca/kg DM were used. Sixty nine, individual caged Lohmann-Silver pullets, 17 weeks of age, were randomly allocated to the three treatments (n = 23) for the determination of various egg production and eggshell quality characteristics. Egg production and eggshell quality data recorded on individual basis at 54, 58, 64 and 70 weeks of age were pooled to calculate and statistical analysed parameter means for the late production period. Different limestone particle sizes had no effect on any of the tested egg production and eggshell quality parameters. These results suggested that larger particles limestone are not necessarily essential to provide sufficient Ca 2+ to laying hens for egg production and eggshell quality at end-of-lay, provided that the dietary Ca content satisfies the requirements of the laying hen.________________________________________________________________________________

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confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of limestone particle size on egg production and eggshell quality of hens during late production

et al. 2010

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“…The highest values were found at 40-60%) LG replacement, when hens received diets containing limestone grit at levels of 3.24-4.86 g"100g _1 . These results are generally consistent with numerous reports confirming a positive effect of coarse particle sized limestone on eggshell quality (Scott et al, 1971;Guinotte and Nys, 1991;Richter et al, 1999), mainly in the summer (Roland and Harms, 1973), but are inconsistent with other results reported in the review by Roland (1986). The inconsistencies in the positive effect of limestone may depend not only on particle size but also on the lighting schedules used, especially the duration of the dark period.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 36%

“…The solubility of finely ground limestone has no effect on calcium utilization (Cheng and Coon, 1990;Richter et al, 1999). Particle-sized calcium sources persist in the gizzard and tend to cover calcium requirements of hens better than pulverized sources (Scott et al, 1971;Roland and Harms, 1973;Guinotte and Nys, 1991;Richter et al, 1999). The slower dissolution of grit forms may make calcium available during the night, when there is no feed intake but calcification of eggshells is proceeding (Roland and Harms, 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium from limestone meal and grit in laying hen diets - effect on performance, eggshell and bone quality

Koreleski

Świątkiewicz²

2004

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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Limestone was crumbled into fine particles (LF) of 0.1-0.4 mm or to a particulate grit (LG) of 2-4 mm. One hundred and eighty individually kept Hy-Line Brown laying hens were used in the experiment and divided into 10 groups. Diets containing 8.1% of LF or LG substituted for LF at a proportion of 10, 20, 40, 50, 60, 80 and 100% were compared with diet containing 8.1% oyster shells.At moderate substitution levels, the particulate limestone grit increased the thickness of eggshells in the first laying period (60-80% LG), improved yolk pigmentation (20-100% LG) and enlarged calcium deposition in eggshells (10-100%) LG). Partial (20-90%) and complete substitution of LG for LF increased eggshell breaking strength, but improvement of tibia bone strength was observed only at 20% LG limestone. Analysis of feed refusals suggests that the limit value of voluntary intake of grit particles LG is 5.5 g daily per hen.

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“…However, the quality of eggshells, especially in aged hens, is low. Most research has been focused on the concentration of Ca in diets because Ca is the major mineral in the eggshell, and its concentration directly affects eggshell quality (Scott et al 1970;Kim et al 2013). The National Research Council (1994) estimated the requirement for Ca, non-phytate phosphorus (NPP), and Mg at 110 g of feed per brown-egg layer daily as 3.6 g, 0.275 g, and 0.055 g, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, and limestone grain size on productive performance and eggshell quality of hens

Skřivan¹,

Englmaierová²,

Marounek³

et al. 2016

Czech J. Anim. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:Two experiments conducted on laying hens, aged 50 and 52 weeks, were carried out to evaluate the effect of dietary Mg and its relationship to the Ca : NPP (non-phytate phosphorus) ratio using a various grain-size of limestone. The Ca : NPP ratio in each experiment was 12.8 and 18, respectively. Two Mg levels were evalued in the first (1.56 and 4.0 g/kg) and the second experiment (1.52 and 4.0 g/kg). A fine-grained limestone (< 0.5 mm; FL) or a coarse-grained limestone (0.8-2 mm; CL) was used in the first experiment. In the second experiment, a mixture of both the aforementioned limestone forms (FCL) was used as the third alternative. The main parameters estimated in this study were egg production and egg shell breaking strength. In the first experiment, CL significantly increased hen-day egg production (P = 0.043) and Mg (in dietary concentration up to 4 g/kg) increased egg weight (P < 0.001). The addition of Mg to the mixed feed, together with CL, decreased yolk percentage (P = 0.008), increased egg shell percentage (P = 0.044), increased egg shell thickness (P = 0.014), and egg shell breaking strength (P = 0.003). Higher dietary Mg, together with a wider Ca : NPP ratio in the second experiment, increased egg production and egg weight (P < 0.001), but it did not influence egg shell breaking strength. CL increased egg shell breaking strength compared to the addition of FL, as well as FCL (P < 0.05), regardless of the Mg levels. Lower level of Mg with FL decreased ash content of shells (P = 0.004).

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The Calcium Requirements of Laying Hens and Effects of Dietary Oyster Shell Upon Egg Shell Quality

Cited by 157 publications

References 7 publications

Effect of limestone particle size on egg production and eggshell quality of hens during late production

Effect of limestone particle size on egg production and eggshell quality of hens during late production

Calcium from limestone meal and grit in laying hen diets - effect on performance, eggshell and bone quality

Effect of dietary magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, and limestone grain size on productive performance and eggshell quality of hens

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