The C-S lyases of higher plants: Preparation and properties of homogeneous alliin lyase from garlic (Allium sativum)

Nock, Linda P.; Mazelis, Mendel

doi:10.1016/0003-9861(86)90556-4

Cited by 68 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…These sulphur containing compounds are produced when alliinase, an enzyme present in all plants belonging to the Allium species, reacts with alliin when the plant is bruised/ crushed (Burton & Kaye, 1992;Kubec et al, 2002). The pH optimum of alliinase from both garlic and T. violacea are 6.5; and that for onion 8 (Nock & Mazelis, 1986.…”

Section: Tulbaghia Violaceamentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Tulbaghia violacea on the blood pressure and heart rate in male spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats

Raji

Mugabo

Obikeze

2012

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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Effect of Tulbaghia violacea on the blood pressure and heart rate in male spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats I. A. RAJITulbaghia violacea Harv. (Alliaceae) is a small bulbous herb which belongs to the family, Alliaceae, most commonly associated with onions and garlic. In South Africa (SA), this herb has been traditionally used in the treatment of various ailments, including fever, colds, asthma, paralysis, hypertension (HTN) and stomach problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of methanol leaf extracts (MLE) of T. violacea on the blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in anaesthetized male spontaneously hypertensive rats; and to find out the mechanism(s) by which it acts.The MLE of T. violacea (5 -150 mg/kg), angiotensin I (ang I, 3.1 -100 µg/kg), captopril (10 mg/kg), angiotensin II (ang II, 3.1 -50 µg/kg), losartan (30 mg/kg), phenylephrine T. violacea (60 mg/kg) and captopril (10 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally into iii some SHR for 21 days to investigate the chronic effect of these agents on plasma levels of aldosterone. The mean change, the mean of the individual percentage changes and the percentage difference (in mean) observed with each intervention was calculated and statistically analyzed using the Student's t test for significant difference (p < 0.05). The Microsoft Excel software was used for statistical analysis.T. violacea significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial BP;and HR dose-dependently. In a dose-dependent manner, ang I, ang II, phenylephrine significantly (p < 0.05) increased the BP, while propranolol, muscarine and atropine reduced the BP. The increases in BP due to dobutamine were not dose-dependent. In a dose dependent manner, phenylephrine and propranolol reduced the HR, while dobutamine increased the HR. The effect of ang I, ang II, muscarine and atropine on HR were not dose-dependent; with both increases as well as decreases observed with ang I, and II and atropine, while decreases were seen with muscarine. Captopril produced significant (p < 0.05) reduction in BP which were not associated with any change in HR.The co-infusion of ang I with the MLE produced significant (p < 0.05) reduction in BP, which were not associated with significant changes in HR. The co-infusion of ang II with the MLE did not produce any significant changes in BP or HR when compared to the infusion of the standard drug alone. The co-infusion of phenylephrine with the MLE did

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Section: Tulbaghia Violaceamentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Tulbaghia violacea on the blood pressure and heart rate in male spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats

Raji

Mugabo

Obikeze

2012

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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“…However, upon injury to plants, barriers between these compartments are broken and the alliin lyase catalyzes the beta elimination of alliin to yield pyruvate, ammonia, and allylsulfenic acid, two molecules of which spontaneously react to form allicin. This enzyme has been purified from onion (Allium cepa) (20)(21)(22)25) as well as from garlic (14,18,19 One of the first reports on the antibacterial action of allicin was that of Cavallito and Bailey (8), who found that dilute allicin solutions inhibited the growth of both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. A variety of studies have since confirmed the bioactivity of this compound, and in the 1970s several groups extended this work to an examination of medically important fungi (1,3,10,16).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro mechanism of inhibition of bacterial cell growth by allicin

Feldberg

Chang

Kotik

et al. 1988

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

229

135

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Diallyl thiosulfinate (allicin) is the agent found in garlic which is responsible for the antibacterial and antifungal activity of extracts of this plant. The effect of bacteriostatic concentrations of allicin (0.2 to 0.5 mM) on the growth of Salmonella typhimurium revealed a pattern of inhibition characterized by: (i) a lag of approximately 15 min between addition of allicin and onset of inhibition, (ii) a transitory inhibition phase whose duration was proportional to allicin concentration and inversely proportional to culture density, (iii) a resumed growth phase which showed a lower rate of growth than in uninhibited controls, and (iv) an entry into stationary phase at a lower culture density. Whereas DNA and protein syntheses showed a delayed and partial inhibition by allicin, inhibition of RNA synthesis was immediate and total, suggesting that this is the primary target of allicin action.

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“…Previous reports have shown that garlic (Nock and Mazelis, 1986), leek (Won and Mazelis, 1989), onion (Tobkin and Mazelis, 1979), and Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum; Fujita et al, 1990) alliinases are glycoproteins, and all alliinases have been shown to be pyridoxal 5#-P (PLP) dependent. Isolated alliinases vary in molecular mass depending on the source of the enzyme, ranging from 67 kD in Chinese chive (Manabe et al, 1998) to 580 kD in leek (Won and Mazelis, 1989).…”

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Studies of a Novel Cysteine Sulfoxide Lyase fromPetiveria alliacea: The First Heteromeric Alliinase

Musah

Kubec

et al. 2009

Plant Physiology

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A novel alliinase (EC 4.4.1.4) was detected and purified from the roots of the Amazonian medicinal plant Petiveria alliacea. The isolated enzyme is a heteropentameric glycoprotein composed of two a-subunits (68.1 kD each), one b-subunit (56.0 kD), one g-subunit (24.8 kD), and one d-subunit (13.9 kD). The two a-subunits are connected by a disulfide bridge, and both a-and b-subunits are glycosylated. The enzyme has an isoelectric point of 4.78 and pH and temperature optima of 8.0 and approximately 52°C, respectively. Its activation energy with its natural substrate S-benzyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide is 64.6 kJ mol 21 . Kinetic studies showed that both K m and V max vary as a function of substrate structure, with the most preferred substrates being the naturally occurring P. alliacea compounds S-benzyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide and S-2-hydroxyethyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide. The alliinase reacts with these substrates to produce S-benzyl phenylmethanethiosulfinate and S-(2-hydroxyethyl) 2-hydroxyethanethiosulfinate, respectively.

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The C-S lyases of higher plants: Preparation and properties of homogeneous alliin lyase from garlic (Allium sativum)

Cited by 68 publications

References 16 publications

Effect of Tulbaghia violacea on the blood pressure and heart rate in male spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats

Effect of Tulbaghia violacea on the blood pressure and heart rate in male spontaneously hypertensive Wistar rats

In vitro mechanism of inhibition of bacterial cell growth by allicin

Studies of a Novel Cysteine Sulfoxide Lyase fromPetiveria alliacea: The First Heteromeric Alliinase

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