The Byzantine Church of Khirbet et-Tireh

Al-Houdalieh, Salah Hussein

doi:10.5325/jeasmedarcherstu.2.3.0188

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Among the significant architectural features uncovered are: a rock-cut, subterranean hiding complex of the Roman period; a Byzantine-Umayyad fortification system; two Byz antine-Umayyad churches -designated 'Eastern' and 'Western' from their relative locations-; several Byzantine-era burial caves and ground graves; a Byzantine-Umayyad subterranean oil press complex; a Byzantine-Umayyad rock-cut cistern with two feeder channels; two pathways or streets leading to the churches; several residential units from the Byzantine to Early Abbasid periods; and numerous Ottoman-period agricultural terraces ( Fig. 2) (Al-Houdalieh, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Los sustratos del pavimento musivo de las habitaciones meridionales en la Iglesia Oriental de Khirbet et-Tireh, Ramala (Palestina)

Al-Houdalieh¹,

Béarat

2019

Zephyrvs

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The Eastern Church complex at Khirbet et-Tireh comprises five distinct sections: an atrium, a narthex, a tripartite main hall -nave and two aisles-, three adjoining auxiliary rooms on the north, and finally four more auxiliary rooms along the south side. The floor of the church was originally completely tessellated with polychrome mosaics, forming pavements patterned with figurative and geometric designs on a white background. Structurally, all known floor mosaics of the classical Mediterranean world had two main components: a substrate -all the hidden, preparatory layers-and the tessellatum -the tesserae and the filling mortar between them-. The most common substrate configuration consists of -from bottom to top-the statumen, rudus, nucleus, and bedding layers. In practice, however, the characteristics of these preparatory layers (substrate) -their number, order, thickness, technique, and material composition-have been found to differ from one period to another, from site to site, from building to building within a site, and even from one room to another within the same structure. In this context, the substrate of the mosaic pavements of the southern rooms of Khirbet et-Tireh church was found to be constructed of five layers, including a thin soil layer existing between the bedding and nucleus layers. To our knowledge, this layer has only been documented in Khirbet et-Tireh among the known archaeological sites paved with mosaics.Resumen: El complejo de la Iglesia Oriental en Khirbet et-Tireh comprende cinco partes distintas: un atrium, un narthex, una sala principal tripartita -nave y dos pasillos-, tres salas auxiliares contiguas al n y finalmente cuatro salas auxiliares más en el s. Originalmente el piso de la iglesia estaba completamente pavimentado con mosaicos polícromos formando solados estampados con diseños figurativos y geométricos sobre un fondo blanco. Estructuralmente, todos los mosaicos conocidos del mundo clásico mediterráneo se componían de dos elementos principales: un sustrato -todas las capas preparatorias ocultas-y el tessellatum -las teselas y el mortero de relleno entre ellas-. La configuración de sustrato más común consiste, en orden ascendente, en las capas

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Los sustratos del pavimento musivo de las habitaciones meridionales en la Iglesia Oriental de Khirbet et-Tireh, Ramala (Palestina)

Al-Houdalieh¹,

Béarat

2019

Zephyrvs

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“…The main hall is divided by two rows of columns into a nave and two aisles. The entire area of this part of the church was once paved with mosaic carpets consisting of simple geometric designs, with the richly colored tesserae encompassing various shades of white, black, gray, orange, and pink (Al-Houdalieh, 2014). The southern part of the western church, which is only partially excavated, consists of a narrow hall connected with the church proper via two doorways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Byzantine Eastern Church of Khirbet et-Tireh

Al-Houdalieh¹

2016

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Khirbet et-Tireh was inhabited during the Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine and Early Islamic periods, and was later used as agricultural land throughout the Ottoman-Turkish period and down to modern times. The ancient settlement has been determined to cover a total area of approximately 30,000 square meters. However, 75 percent of its historic fortified space has been destroyed over the past few decades by the construction of roads, a school, a gas station and several residential structures on its northern part. The surviving architectural remains at the Khirbet include a system of fortifications, a Byzantine monastery, two Byzantine-era churches, a rock-cut reservoir, a cistern, water channels, a rock-cut olive press, several burial caves, a street (or a wide pathway corridor), and several dry-stone terrace walls. The unearthed part of the eastern church complex measures 28.8 m long along its east-west axis and a maximum of 25.5 m wide in its north-south dimension. It follows a basilical plan and consists of five main parts: four south side rooms, an atrium, a narthex, a main hall, and three northeast side rooms. The entire area of the church was once paved with mosaic carpets consisting of geometric and figurative designs, with the richly colored tesserae encompassing various shades of white, black, grey, yellow, orange, pink, wine red, green and blue. Furthermore, remains of two plaster layers were uncovered on the interior faces of the majority of the walls of the church complex. After the final consolidation and conservation of the mosaic pavements of the church, as a protective measure we are covering the mosaics with a permeable, plastic-mesh geotextile, topped by a layer of sieved soil 0.25 m thick.

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A Less Known Practice from Olympos Church No. 3 in the Light of Recent Finds: Mosaic Pavement on Wooden Upper Floor

EVCİM

2023

Journal of Mosaic Research

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Antik çağın çeşitli tipteki mozaik uygulamaları günümüzde karşımıza çoğunlukla sağlam bir altyapı üzerine zemine serilmiş olarak veya yatak harcı ile duvar ve örtü sistemi yüzeylerine uygulanmış olarak çıkmaktadır. Bununla birlikte Vitruvius’un De Architectura adlı eserindeki zemin yapım talimatları ve bazı az sayıdaki arkeolojik kalıntı sayesinde ahşap üst kat zeminlerinin de konsantre alt katmanlı taş plakalarla veya tesseralarla kaplanabildiği anlaşılmaktadır. Bu yöntem ve uygulama şekli bu tip döşemelerin muhtemelen yaygın olmayışından dolayı arkeolojik verilerin yetersiz kalmasıyla pek fazla tanınmamaktadır. Olympos Antik Kenti kazılarında, 3 No’lu Kilise’nin yan neflerinde bu tip bir döşemenin nefler üzerindeki galerilerin zemininde opus tessellatum tekniğinde uygulanmış olabileceğine dair bulgular elde edilmiştir. Eldeki verilere göre kilisenin galerileri, duvarlar ve nef ayrımı tarafından taşınan ahşap kiriş ve kaplama ile oluşturulmuştur. Duvarlardaki kiriş yuvaları ve taşıyıcı sisteme ait yıkıntı bunu açık bir şekilde göstermektedir. Her iki yan nef zemini üzerinde ve nef ayrımına ait yıkıntının hemen altında nef zeminine ait olmayan, parçalanmış durumda mozaik parçalarına, tesseralara ve bunların alt tabakalarına dair kalıntılara rastlanmış olup, bu kalıntıların ahşap konstrüksiyonlu galerilerin zemin döşemesine ait olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada Olympos 3 No’lu Kilise’deki bulgular üzerinden ahşap üst kat zeminlerine mozaik döşemelerin nasıl inşa edildiği diğer bazı örneklere de değinilerek açıklanmaktadır.

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The Byzantine Church of Khirbet et-Tireh

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Los sustratos del pavimento musivo de las habitaciones meridionales en la Iglesia Oriental de Khirbet et-Tireh, Ramala (Palestina)

Los sustratos del pavimento musivo de las habitaciones meridionales en la Iglesia Oriental de Khirbet et-Tireh, Ramala (Palestina)

The Byzantine Eastern Church of Khirbet et-Tireh

A Less Known Practice from Olympos Church No. 3 in the Light of Recent Finds: Mosaic Pavement on Wooden Upper Floor

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