The Bursa of Fabricius and Immunoglobulin synthesis

Glick, Bruce

doi:10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61749-0

Cited by 114 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 269 publications

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“…Good development of these organs is crucial for optimal immune response. For instance, the bursa of fabricius has been suggested to be the primary site of immunoglobulin synthesis (Glick, 1977). The spleen is also considered an essential lymphoid organ that plays an important role in cell-mediated immunity, e.g., its function in the development of suppressor T cells (Welles and Battisto, 1978).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of δ-aminolevulinic acid for livestock: blood characteristics and immune organ weight in broilers

et al. 2008

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A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) on blood characteristics and immune organ weight in broilers. One-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments with six replicates of 20 chickens each. Treatments were basal diet supplemented with 0, 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg ALA. The two-phase experimental diets were formulated to meet the NRC requirements for chicks and fed for 5 weeks. Growth performance was not affected by supplementation of ALA during any of the experimental periods. Blood cell counts (WBC, RBC and lymphocyte), serum total protein, albumin, iron concentrations, and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were also not infl uenced by dietary treatments. Haemoglobin concentration tended to increase with an increased ALA supplementation level (linear effect; P<0.10). Dietary ALA addition did not infl uence liver weight. However, spleen and bursa of fabricius weights were increased with the increased ALA supplementation level (linear effect; P<0.05). The current data indicate that supplementation of ALA in commercial broiler diets could partly improve haemoglobin concentration and immune organ weights, without infl uencing growth performance and other blood characteristics of broilers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of δ-aminolevulinic acid for livestock: blood characteristics and immune organ weight in broilers

et al. 2008

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“…The structure of the bursa has been described both during the ontogenetic period (Jolly, 1911a(Jolly, , 1914Cordier, 1969;Edwards et al, 1975;Le Douarin et al, 1975;Le Douarin et al, 1976;Le Douarin et al, 1984;Ritter and Lebacq, 1977) and during the posthatching period up to its involution (Jolly, 1911b(Jolly, ,1914Mc Connachie and Ruth, 1973;Glick, 1974Glick, , 1983Bellamy and Mohamed, 1982;Davenport and Allen, 1985).…”

Section: T Is Well Established That the Bursa Of Fabriciusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the discovery that the bursa was implicated in the differentiation of B-lymphocytes for humoral immunity (Chang et al, 1955;Glick et al, 1956;Papermaster and Good, 1962;Peterson and Good, 1965), attention was focused, on the one hand, on lymphoid cell populations (Ackermann and Knouff, 1959;Ackermann, 1962;Woods and Linna, 1965;Cooper et al, 1966;Toivanen et al, 1972 a,b;Toivanen et al, 1974;Back et al, 1973;Grossi et al, 1974;Grossi et al, 1976;Glick, 1974Glick, , 1983Glick, , 1995Glick et al, 1975;Eerola et al, 1982;Brand et al, 1983;Pink et al, 1985;Lassila, 1989;Nowak et al, 1990;Motyka and Reynolds, 1991;Petrini et al, 1991;Paramithiotis and Ratcliffe, 1993, 1994a,b, 1996Reynaud and Weill, 1993;Masteller and Thompson, 1994;Masteller et al, 1995;Paramithiotis et al, 1995;Obranovich and Boyd, 1996;Funk and Thompson, 1996) and, on the other hand, on the epithelial stroma providing the bursal microenvironment within which B-cell maturation and differentiation occurs.…”

Section: T Is Well Established That the Bursa Of Fabriciusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Attention was more focused on the bursal weight variations during post-hatching maturation (Glick, 1974(Glick, , 1983Bellamy and Mohamed, 1982). Glick (1974) reported a medullary lymphocyte loss at 2 months of age in White Leghorn chickens, suggesting a bursal regression. On the other hand, Bellamy and Mohamed (1982) reported an increase of bursal weight throughout the period from 9 to 58 days in Cockerels and Comet strains.…”

Section: Plical Epitheliummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bursa is responsible for the maturation and differentiation of B-lymphocytes to produce humoral immunological responses. The other primary lymphoid organ, the thymus, instead, is responsible for the maturation and differentiation of T-lymphocytes, leading to cellular immunological responses (Dent and Good, 1965;Schaffner et al, 1974a;Le Douarin et al, 1984).The structure of the bursa has been described both during the ontogenetic period (Jolly, 1911a(Jolly, , 1914Cordier, 1969;Edwards et al, 1975;Le Douarin et al, 1975;Le Douarin et al, 1976;Le Douarin et al, 1984;Ritter and Lebacq, 1977) and during the posthatching period up to its involution (Jolly, 1911b(Jolly, ,1914Mc Connachie and Ruth, 1973;Glick, 1974Glick, , 1983Bellamy and Mohamed, 1982;Davenport and Allen, 1985).Since the discovery that the bursa was implicated in the differentiation of B-lymphocytes for humoral immunity (Chang et al, 1955;Glick et al, 1956;Papermaster and Good, 1962;Peterson and Good, 1965), attention was focused, on the one hand, on lymphoid cell populations (Ackermann and Knouff, 1959;Ackermann, 1962;Woods and Linna, 1965;Cooper et al, 1966; Toivanen et al, 1972 a,b;Toivanen et al, 1974;Back et al, 1973;Grossi et al, 1974;Grossi et al, 1976;Glick, 1974Glick, , 1983Glick, , 1995Glick et al, 1975;Eerola et al, 1982;Brand et al, 1983;…”

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confidence: 99%

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Identification of cells secreting a thymostimulin-like substance and examination of some histoenzymatic pathways in aging avian primary lymphatic organs: II. Bursa of Fabricius

Mazzone¹,

Aita²,

Gabrielli³

et al. 2009

Eur J Histochem

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The Bursa of Fabricius of 15 day, 1-, 3-, and 6 month-old adult chickens (White Leghorn strain) were studied by histological and histochemical staining, histoenzymatic reactions (LDH, SDH, α-GPDH, NAD, NADPH, Ca ++ -dependent ATP-ase, pH 8.5) and by anti-thymostimulin immunoreaction. Positive reactions for mucopolysaccharides and enzymatic activities were located in the epithelia of the follicles, i.e. in follicleassociated-epithelium (FAE), inter-follicle-epithelium (IFE) and in different epithelial compartments of cortical and medullary zones. Positive reaction for thymostimulin-like (TSlike) substance was restricted to FAE cells and weakly to the basal lamina of IFE. In 6-month-old chickens, the FAE cells disappeared; the phenomenon of bursal regression was evident, although not all the follicles were involved. In the few still normal follicles, the good reactivity to the enzymes tested suggests that residual physiological activity is still present, even if reduced. , 1621) is a primary lymphoid organ peculiar to birds. The bursa is responsible for the maturation and differentiation of B-lymphocytes to produce humoral immunological responses. The other primary lymphoid organ, the thymus, instead, is responsible for the maturation and differentiation of T-lymphocytes, leading to cellular immunological responses (Dent and Good, 1965;Schaffner et al., 1974a;Le Douarin et al., 1984).The structure of the bursa has been described both during the ontogenetic period (Jolly, 1911a(Jolly, , 1914Cordier, 1969;Edwards et al., 1975;Le Douarin et al., 1975;Le Douarin et al., 1976;Le Douarin et al., 1984;Ritter and Lebacq, 1977) and during the posthatching period up to its involution (Jolly, 1911b(Jolly, ,1914Mc Connachie and Ruth, 1973;Glick, 1974Glick, , 1983Bellamy and Mohamed, 1982;Davenport and Allen, 1985).Since the discovery that the bursa was implicated in the differentiation of B-lymphocytes for humoral immunity (Chang et al., 1955;Glick et al., 1956;Papermaster and Good, 1962;Peterson and Good, 1965), attention was focused, on the one hand, on lymphoid cell populations (Ackermann and Knouff, 1959;Ackermann, 1962;Woods and Linna, 1965;Cooper et al., 1966; Toivanen et al., 1972 a,b;Toivanen et al., 1974;Back et al., 1973;Grossi et al., 1974;Grossi et al., 1976;Glick, 1974Glick, , 1983Glick, , 1995Glick et al., 1975;Eerola et al., 1982;Brand et al., 1983;Pink et al., 1985;Lassila, 1989;Nowak et al., 1990;Motyka and Reynolds, 1991;Petrini et al., 1991;Paramithiotis and Ratcliffe, 1993, 1994 a,b, 1996Reynaud and Weill, 1993;Masteller and Thompson, 1994;Masteller et al., 1995;Paramithiotis et al., 1995;Obranovich and Boyd, 1996;Funk and Thompson, 1996) and, on the other hand, on the epithelial stroma providing the bursal microenvironment within which B-cell maturation and differentiation occurs.

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Reappraisal of histogenesis in the bursal lymphoid follicle of the chicken

et al. 1990

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The development of the bursal follicle and the appearance of the follicle-associated epithelial (FAE) cell and the reticuloepithelial (REp) cell were studied. The stages of development of the bursal follicle were observed by light and electron microscopy; an anticytokeratin monoclonal antibody was also used. At the beginning of follicle development, a mesenchymal cell cluster is observed in the tunica propria; the cluster becomes wedged in a niche of the surface epithelium, and gradually it is completely surrounded by the epithelium itself, which closes under the clump of mesenchymal cells. The epithelial cells lying upon the mesenchymal clump become necrotic, and a number of mesenchymal cells bulge out, forming the FAE cells. The epithelial cells that have closed under the mesenchymal nodule become stratified and form the REp cells; they become star-shaped because the medullary-lymphoid cells grow between them. Finally, the cortex is formed, possibly as a result of the migration of medullary cells before they peripheralize. It is concluded that FAE cells are not specialized epithelial cells, as they do not react to an anticytokeratin monoclonal antibody; on the contrary, they are formed by mesenchymal stemcells that bulge into the lumen and change their character after moving into the epithelium. The REp cells appear in the follicular primordium shortly after the bursal follicle begins to develop; the pronounced reactivity of the REp cells to an anticytokeratin monoclonal antibody supports the hypothesis of their epithelial origin.

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The Bursa of Fabricius and Immunoglobulin synthesis

Cited by 114 publications

References 269 publications

Utilization of δ-aminolevulinic acid for livestock: blood characteristics and immune organ weight in broilers

Utilization of δ-aminolevulinic acid for livestock: blood characteristics and immune organ weight in broilers

Identification of cells secreting a thymostimulin-like substance and examination of some histoenzymatic pathways in aging avian primary lymphatic organs: II. Bursa of Fabricius

Reappraisal of histogenesis in the bursal lymphoid follicle of the chicken

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