The Burial Construction of Noin Ula Mound 20, Mongolia

Polosmak, N.V.; Bogdanov, E.S.; Tseveendorj, Damdinsuren; Erdene-Ochir, Nasan-Ochir

doi:10.1016/j.aeae.2008.07.007

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The first full-coverage survey at Egiin Gol has produced the most comprehensive local picture of Xiongnu use of a specific region Amartuvshin 2003, 2007). Projects focused on other regions and sites, such as Takhiltyn Khotgor ), Gol Mod (DesRoches and André 2009), and Noyon Uul (Polos'mak et al 2008), are now also providing more comprehensive regional pictures (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Xiongnumentioning

confidence: 99%

Inner Asian States and Empires: Theories and Synthesis

Rogers

2012

J Archaeol Res

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By 200 B.C. a series of expansive polities emerged in Inner Asia that would dominate the history of this region and, at times, a very large portion of Eurasia for the next 2,000 years. The pastoralist polities originating in the steppes have typically been described in world history as ephemeral or derivative of the earlier sedentary agricultural states of China. These polities, however, emerged from local traditions of mobility, multiresource pastoralism, and distributed forms of hierarchy and administrative control that represent important alternative pathways in the comparative study of early states and empires. The review of evidence from 15 polities illustrates long traditions of political and administrative organization that derive from the steppe, with Bronze Age origins well before 200 B.C. Pastoralist economies from the steppe innovated new forms of political organization and were as capable as those based on agricultural production of supporting the development of complex societies.

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Section: Xiongnumentioning

confidence: 99%

Inner Asian States and Empires: Theories and Synthesis

Rogers

2012

J Archaeol Res

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“…This type of tomb had been known since the first excavations at Noyon Uul early in the 20th century (Khodukin 1926;Trever 1932), but no major excavations had followed those (see Konovalov 2008 for excavations in Siberia). Beginning in the first years of this century, expeditions returned to Noyon Uul (Polosmak et al 2008a(Polosmak et al , 2009, Gol Mod (André and Desroches 2002;Yeruul-Erdene 2014), Gol Mod II (Allard et al 2002;Erdenebaatar et al 2011;Miller et al 2006), Duurlig Nars (Eregzen and Aldarmunkh 2015; Yun and Chang 2011), and Takhiltyn Khotgor (Miller et al 2008). The locations of these complexes are mostly in the central Mongolian highlands, the Selenge drainage, and at the eastern face of the Altai in western Mongolia and define the core regions of the Xiongnu polity.…”

Section: Cemeteries and Mortuary Landscapesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prehistoric Mongolian Archaeology in the Early 21st Century: Developments in the Steppe and Beyond

Wright

2021

J Archaeol Res

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There has been a great increase in archaeological research in Mongolia since 2000. Increasingly precise chronologies, regional studies, and the growth of development-driven archaeology are transforming our knowledge of this key region of northeastern Asia. This review summarizes recent work and provides a narrative of the prehistoric and medieval cultural sequences as presently understood. I focus on long-standing key topics: early human habitation, the adoption of food-producing economies, Bronze Age social transformations, and the emergence of central places and large polities. I argue that, on the one hand, Mongolia has unique data and new examples to offer the archaeological community and, on the other, that the prehistory of Mongolia and the steppe are not so different from the rest of the world in its history of research and key questions. This review provides general overviews covering the Upper Paleolithic, Epipaleolithic or Neolithic, and Bronze Age to the Xiongnu period; specific data related to each period provide jumping-off points for comparative analysis and further examination.

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“…It has a sloping entryway on the south side for access to the upper levels of the main burial pit, and this was the primary method of interring furnishings in the burial chamber (see Polos'mak et al . 2008). The burial site at Gol Mod 2 is distinguished from other important Xiongnu cemeteries in its neighborhood such as Gol Mod 1 (Fig.…”

Section: Archaeological Site Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Tin and Arsenic in XIONGNU Bronze Technology and Their Sociopolitical Implications over Time

2021

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Metallographic examination of numerous bronze objects from the royal Xiongnu tomb at Gol Mod 2 in Mongolia has revealed evidence for a tin‐conserving environment suggesting the emergence of a new technological tradition defined by decreasing reliance on tin and arsenic over time. This apparently humble alloy method was likely facilitated by the advent of iron and steel technologies replacing bronze in the manufacture of critical functional items. We propose that this development was a key episode in the evolution of the Mongolian bronze metallurgical tradition. By substituting iron for utilitarian tools and weapons that had previously been made from bronze, steppe populations overcame a technological hurdle evidenced by the under‐utilization or conservation of tin as a local resource. This major technological shift may well have been one factor in facilitating the rise and development of the Xiongnu state (third century BCE–second century AD).

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The Burial Construction of Noin Ula Mound 20, Mongolia

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Inner Asian States and Empires: Theories and Synthesis

Inner Asian States and Empires: Theories and Synthesis

Prehistoric Mongolian Archaeology in the Early 21st Century: Developments in the Steppe and Beyond

The Role of Tin and Arsenic in XIONGNU Bronze Technology and Their Sociopolitical Implications over Time

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