The burden of TB/HIV co-infection among clients attending DOTs clinic in a tertiary centre in Southwestern, Nigeria: A 5-year retrospective study

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are closely correlated and continue to cause deleterious effects in co-infected patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of TB/HIV co-infection among directly observed treatment short-course (DOTs) clinic clients in Ogun State, Nigeria. Methods: The TB register and treatment cards of patients that visited the DOTs centre in Federal Medical Centre Abeokuta between January 2015 and December 2019 were reviewed. Results: A total of 726 TB patients’ records were reviewed, among which 186 (22.5%) were co-infected with HIV. TB/HIV co-infection was significantly associated with the ⩽19 years age group 54 (37.2%), females 85 (26.7%), divorced and separated 8 (34.8%), rural residents 18 (34.0%), those who had no formal education 53 (39.8%) and the unemployed 63 (31.7%). Gender and educational status remained significant predictors of TB/HIV co-infection after adjustment for confounding factors. Discussion: Gender-sensitive programming and interventions geared towards improving knowledge of TB and HIV using a wide array of approaches should be considered.

Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS Co-infection in Patients Attending Directly Observed Treatment Short-Course (DOTS) Centers in Anambra State, Nigeria

“…Temitayo-Oboh et al (2022) investigated the prevalence and factors influencing TB and HIV co-infection among patients attending the DOTS clinic in a tertiary health center in Ogun State, Nigeria, between 2015 and 2019. Their study showed that about one in five patients with TB had HIV infection (20% prevalence), which is consistent with our study and that another study reported in Lagos, Nigeria (Adejumo et al, 2017), and higher than the prevalence of 10.9% (Iliyasu and Babashani, 2009), 14.2% (Oladimeji et al, 2013) and 8.4% (Ehondor et al, 2019) reported in similar studies conducted in Kano, Oyo, and Benin City, respectively.…”

“…In terms of age, marital status, and occupation, cases of tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS co-infection were highest in those aged 15 to 25 years (443, 30.7%), in married patients (633, 43.9%), and in traders/business owners (731, 50.7%). Temitayo-Oboh et al 4 investigated the prevalence and factors influencing TB and HIV co-infection among patients attending the DOTS clinic in a tertiary health center in Ogun State, Nigeria, between 2015 and 2019. Their study showed that about one in five patients with TB had HIV infection (20% prevalence), which is consistent with our study and that another study reported in Lagos, Nigeria, 14 and higher than the prevalence of 10.9%, 15 14.2% 16 and 8.4% 6 reported in similar studies conducted in Kano, Oyo, and Benin City, respectively.…”

“…The WHO African Region has the highest burden of HIV-associated TB, and countries in Sub-Saharan Africa are the worst affected by the twin epidemic of TB and HIV. The prevalence of TB in the region, which hitherto was reported to be declining prior HIV epidemic, is now on the rise, with Nigeria among the countries with a high burden of TB (WHO, 2022a; Temitayo-Oboh et al, 2022).…”

Prevalence, treatment outcomes and determinants of TB/HIV coinfection: A 4-year retrospective review of national tuberculosis registry in a country in a MENA region

“…Among these patients, 672 (2.68%) tested positive for HIV and had TB/HIV coinfection, while the rest of the patients had negative HIV test results. Meanwhile, other studies investigating TB/HIV coinfection have reported different rates of infection, such as a study in Nigeria that reported a 22.50% coinfection rate among TB patients over 5 years [ 30 ], or a study in Kenya, conducted by Wekunda et al that reported a 35.00% coinfection rate [ 31 ]. Another study conducted on HIV/AIDS patients over 18 years of age in Turkey found that 5.30% of these patients had active tuberculosis at the same time [ 32 ], while a study in China, done by Wang et al that examined only EPTB patients reported a 7.00% coinfection rate [ 33 ], compared to 2.00% in the present study.…”

Factors Influencing EMTCT Service Utilization by HIV-Positive Pregnant Women at Karoli Lwanga Hospital, Rukungiri District, Western Uganda

“…Besides the dominant heterosexual transmission in Ethiopia, vertical transmission from mother to child accounts for more than 90% of pediatric AIDS [18]. In Nigeria, about 69,400 children became infected with HIV through mother-to-child transmission [19,20]. This has led to a rise in the total number of children living with HIV in the country to an unprecedented 440,000 [7].…”